Department Of Economic Studies
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Item How the COVID-19 Pandemic has Affected Transgender Community People: Findings From a Telephonic Survey in Odisha(SAGE Publications Inc., 2022-06-14T00:00:00) Barik, Rajesh; Pattayat, Shiba ShankarAlike any other marginalized groups of people, the unexpected outbreak of COVID-19 virus has also catastrophically damaged the lifestyle of the transgender persons in Odisha. In order to understand the life struggle of transgender people during the world pandemic, this study is an attempt to examine their life experience throughout the pandemic and their strategic plans to deal with such tragic crisis. To materialize the above cited objectives, we have conducted 30 telephonic interviews from two cities (Cuttack and Bhubaneswar) of Odisha. We asked some open-ended questions regarding their struggle to survive, family support, availability of government assistances and accessibility of basic services and their mental conditions during the pandemic time. Our finding from the survey depicts that there was much fear and insecurity among the transgender people during the pandemic time. Because of the loss of basic earnings, shortage of foods and unavailability of other basic essentials, with the sense of group solidarity, they managed to survive with meagre substances. However, lack of family support during the pandemic, exclusion from government benefits, restrictions in social mobility and the fear of COVID-19 virus infection led to increase their mental distress and made their life more miserable. � 2022 Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.Item Reducing Rural Poverty Through Non-farm Job Creation in India(Springer, 2022-03-15T00:00:00) Pattayat, Shiba Shankar; Parida, Jajati Keshari; Awasthi, I.C.Based on secondary data, this paper estimates the incidence of poverty by sectoral employment status of individuals and it explores the factors determining individual�s joint probabilities of being poor and being engaged in the non-farm sector jobs (at micro-level). It also finds the impact (at macro-level) of rural non-farm sector employment on the incidence of rural poverty, and it identifies the subsectors of the non-farm sector, which help reduce the incidence of rural poverty in India. Using bivariate probit, recursive bivariate probit regression models, it finds that individual�s human capabilities owing to better education and training and higher occupations of their head of the family significantly determine their probability of being employed in the non-farm sectors, which in turn help reduce their chance of being poor. The panel system generalized methods of moment result suggest that the provincial states of India, which have achieved higher level of non-farm sector NSDP growth along with the creation of jobs through an improved level of infrastructure (roads, railways, banking, and industries) base, have succeeded to reduce the incidence of rural poverty to substantially low levels. Based on these findings, it is argued that the incidence of rural poverty can be reduced on a sustainable basis through the development of rural manufacturing, and by promoting growth of modern service sectors like education, health, communication, real estate, and finance and insurance, along with the infrastructural development. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Society of Labour Economics.Item Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on female health care workers in Odisha (India)(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2021-06-24T00:00:00) Pattayat, Shiba Shankar; Patri, Prasanta; Das, Silan; Barik, RajeshPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of Covid-19 on female health workers (FHWs) in Odisha (India). Here, this study discusses the economic hardship of the FHWs during the pandemic time. Additionally, this study also identifies the various socio-economic factors responsible for the increasing mental stress level of FHWs in Odisha. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on a telephonic survey method. Overall the study has collected 80 samples of FHWs from Odisha (India). Additionally, the study uses a logistic regression model to measure the impact of various socio-economic factors affecting the mental health status of FHWs during the pandemic time. Findings: The findings of this study depict that FHWs working as a Covid warrior during the pandemic time are facing severe economic vulnerability in their life. It is found that though the FHWs have worked tirelessly to save millions of human lives, but irregularity in salary payment and temporary jobs position have caused more mental distress to them. Moreover, the empirical findings have shown that factors such as joint family, social isolation, having an elderly member in their family, duty in Covid ward, staying in staff quarter and temporary job position are responsible for increasing the mental stress of FHWs in Odisha during the Covid-19 pandemic time. Originality/value: This study is a first attempt to explain the life struggle, economic vulnerability and mental stress of Indian (Odisha) FHWs working during the Covid-19 pandemic period to save millions of human lives. � 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.Item A study of youth unemployment and Labour force participation in Odisha(Central University of Punjab, 2017) Pattayat, Shiba Shankar; Parida, Jajati KeshariThis study attempts to explore the recent trends and patterns of youth unemployment, sectoral employment patterns and the factors influencing youth labour force participation in Odisha. This study also attempts to project the size and composition of labour force and sectoral employments by 2019-2020 to know the size of demand-supply gap and hence to suggest appropriate policy measures. This study is based on both secondary and primary data. The major sources of secondary data are NSS (various rounds) and Census of India. NSS data is used to calculate various development statistics, whereas census population data is used to adjust the NSS estimates and obtain absolute figures. Moreover, a primary survey is conducted in Balasore district of Odisha to explore the employability pattern of ITI pass-outs. The major findings of the study suggest that youth unemployment is increasing over the last three decades in Odisha. It is high among the students who passed the secondary and above level of education. The unemployment rate among ITI pass-outs is also quite high. The unemployment rate among ITI pass-outs is higher than that of general education pass outs. The falling trend of agriculture employment due to mechanisation on one hand and non-availability of jobs in industry and service sectors on the other hand are responsible for high unemployment in Odisha. Within non-farm sector, the sub sectors like construction, labour intensive manufacturing (basic and fabricated metal, plastic products food and beverages, wood and paper products, and textile and apparel) and within service sector, subsectors like arts and entertainment, retail trade, transportation and storage, and education are deriving employment growth in recent years. vi Furthermore, this study finds that poverty and household income distress are playing an important role in the process of youth labour force participation in Odisha From the demand and supply projection of labour force, it can be concluded that the demand for labour would increase by (at most in the best possible scenario) by 4.5 lakhs per annum, whereas the supply of labour would likely to increase by 6.5 lakhs per annum. Hence, a gap of 2 lakhs per annum would be generated within labour market in Odisha. Therefore, in this context, it is suggested that the policy measure that focuses on growth of manufacturing sector along with development of social sector including education and health sectors would have greater potential for generating employment opportunities. And thereby it would help sustain the growth of jobs and the structural transformation process which started during 2004-05 in Odisha.