Department Of Economic Studies

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    Irregular emigration from Indian Punjab: nature and causes
    (Routledge, 2021-12-04T00:00:00) Singh, Kulwinder; Singla, Naresh; Singh, Nirvair
    Given very well-established channels of regular emigration, the co-existence and mushrooming of irregular emigration from Indian Punjab presents a peculiar case and therefore, requires to be deeply investigated. The study finds that irregular migration is largely a forced migration rather than a wilful one. Migration policies of destination countries largely enforce irregular migration by restricting less-educated and semi-skilled Punjabis to migrate through regular mode. The prospective migrants after being rejected under the regular migration system adopt irregular migration. Thus, irregular migration compliments regular migration, rather than substituting it. Although irregular migration is found to be economically unviable in the initial years but offers net economic gains as it gets older. Liberalisation of the migration policies in destination countries, improvement in the quality of school education and its infrastructure and strictly monitoring business of travel agents in Indian Punjab can check the menace of irregular migration effectively. � 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Healthcare Services for Human Development in Punjab: Public-Private Partnership
    (South Asia Research & Development Institute, 2017) Mishra, P. K.
    Health is considered as a significant contributor to human development. Better healthcare services contribute not only to improved health condition, but also to the increased productivity and income of people. Thus, the provision of healthcare is the responsibility of the government. However, in Punjab due to low level of government spending on health sector, the performance of public sector is not so good both in curative and preventive cares. Thus, the private sector has become the major provider of medical care. But, the private healthcare system is mostly inequitable and expensive. Therefore, the government of Punjab adopted the public- private partnership model in the provision of healthcare facilities. The most important problem with this model is monitoring and enforcement. Hence, it is suggested to develop regulations for efficient monitoring and enforcement of agreed terms and conditions. It is also suggested to link this PPP model with the health insurance schemes so as to make it affordable to the poor and other vulnerable groups of the society.
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    Urbanization and Healthcare Services in Punjab: Role of Private Sector
    (Asian Journals of Advance Studies, 2017) Mishra, P. K.
    In recent years, the world is becoming increasingly urban with about fifty five percent of its population living in urban areas. This urbanization is a sign of good job opportunities, better education and health facilities, better housing and sanitation, and improved standards of living. However, urbanization brings with it socio-economic and environmental problems which ultimately lead to health hazards. And, the demand for healthcare services rise. But thehttp://14.139.13.144/handle/32116/468 issue is that the public sector healthcare system becomes inadequate to meet the growing healthcare needs in urban areas mainly due to low level of government outlays for the health sector. As a consequence, the private healthcare sector emerges. The extant literature reveals a correlation between urbanization and the growth of the formal private healthcare sector. However, the role played by the private healthcare sector in urban areas is limited to certain sections of the society mainly because of higher medical costs. In this context, this paper examines the role of private sector in the face of growing urbanization in the Punjab state of India. It is concluded that the private sector fails to address the issues of equity in healthcare services. Therefore, public-private partnership is suggested as the alternative option for attaining equity in health.