Department Of Pharmacology

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Author: search.filters.author.Reddy, Dibbanti HarikrishnaHas files: No

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    Nanotherapeutics for Parkinson's disease using metal nanocomposites
    (CRC Press, 2023-10-19T00:00:00) Dhapola, Rishika; Sharma, Prajjwal; Kumari, Sneha; Nagar, Pushank; Medhi, Bikash; Reddy, Dibbanti Harikrishna
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    Redefining oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: Targeting platelet reactive oxygen species for novel therapeutic options
    (Elsevier Inc., 2022-08-01T00:00:00) Beura, Samir Kumar; Dhapola, Rishika; Panigrahi, Abhishek Ramachandra; Yadav, Pooja; Reddy, Dibbanti Harikrishna; Singh, Sunil Kumar
    Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is considered one of the most common causes of dementia worldwide, accounting for about 80 % of all dementia cases. AD is manifested by the extraneuronal deposition of senile plaques of amyloid beta (A?) and intraneuronal accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles of phosphorylated tau. The impaired proteostasis of these filamentous A? and tau is significantly regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-induced oxidative stress (OS) is the cardinal cause behind neuroinflammation-triggered neurodegeneration during AD. Besides ROS-induced neuro-inflammation, AD is also associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction, where platelet primarily plays a significant role in blood-vessel integrity and tissue repair. Though platelets are the circulatory cell fragments that play predominant roles in thrombosis and hemostasis, their contributions to other physiological functions are also being elucidated. Surprisingly, platelets contribute about 90 % of the circulatory A? and share striking similarities with neurons in several aspects, including different neurotransmitters and their cognate receptors, thus considering platelets as potential peripheral models for AD. Interestingly, platelet structural and functional dysfunctions are evident in AD, where ROS production is associated with platelet hyperactivity. Although activated platelet carries several vital enzymes and immunomodulatory molecules, which can potentially exacerbate OS-mediated neuronal damage, and neurodegeneration, their mechanism of action and mode of progression, are still obscure. Therefore, in this review, we have described the detailed role of OS and platelet in AD, addressing the therapeutic approach and molecular mechanism of platelet-mediated ROS generation as a contributing factor in aggravating the disease. � 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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    COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021-12-30T00:00:00) Bhattacharyya, Anusuya; Sarma, Phulen; Kaur, Hardeep; Kumar, Subodh; Bhattacharyya, Jaimini; Prajapat, Manisha; Prakash, Ajay; Sharma, Saurabh; Reddy, Dibbanti Harikrishna; Thota, Prasad; Bansal, Seema; Gautam, Bhaswati Sharma; Medhi, Bikash
    BACKGROUND: Till now, no meta-analysis is available to address the clinical profile, risk factors, different interventions, and outcomes among COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (C-ROCM) cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight literature databases were screened using appropriate keywords from November 1, 2019, to June 30, 2021. The objectives were to analyze the clinical and microbiological profile, risk factor/comorbidity, intervention, and outcome. 'R-metafor package' was used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies were included. The mean age of presentation of C-ROCM was 54.6 years. The most common presentation was ptosis (72.7%), lid edema (60.6%), proptosis (60.6%), ophthalmoplegia (57.3%), loss of vision (53.7%), facial edema (34.7%), and nasal-blockage (11.8%). Evidence of intracranial spread was seen in 42.8% of cases. Rhizopus was the most common fungus (57.1%) isolated in fungal culture. Among C-ROCM patients, diabetes was the commonest comorbid condition, and the use of corticosteroids related to COVID-19 treatment was the most common risk factor (85.75%). Compared to controlled diabetics, C-ROCM was significantly higher among uncontrolled diabetics (odds ratio [OR] 0.15, 95% confidence interval [C.I.] 0.041-0.544, P = 0.0010). However, no significant association was seen between C-ROCM and COVID-19 severity (OR 0.930, 95% C.I. 0.212-4.087, P = 0.923). For treatment, amphotericin-B was the most common antifungal drug used which was followed by surgical options. However, mortality was high (prevalence 0.344, 95% C.I. 0.205-0.403) despite treatment. CONCLUSION: Although local rhino-orbito symptoms were the first to appear, rapid intracranial extension was seen in a significant number of C-ROCM cases. Uncontrolled diabetes and excessive use of corticosteroid were the most common risk factors present among the C-ROCM cases. High index clinical suspicion is imperative (specifically among COVID-19 patients with diabetes), and routine screening may be helpful. � 2021 Indian Journal of Pharmacology Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow.