Department Of Pharmacology

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    Unlocking the therapeutic potential of natural stilbene: Exploring pterostilbene as a powerful ally against aging and cognitive decline
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023-11-17T00:00:00) Dutta, Bhaskar Jyoti; Rakshe, Pratik Shankar; Maurya, Niyogita; Chib, Shivani; Singh, Sanjiv
    The therapeutic potential of natural stilbenes, with a particular focus on pterostilbene (PTE), has emerged as a promising avenue of research targeting age-associated conditions encompassing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cognitive decline. This comprehensive investigation delves into the intricate mechanisms through which PTE, a polyphenolic compound abundant in grapes and blueberries, exerts its advantageous effects as an anti-aging agent. Central to its action is the modulation of hallmark aging processes, including oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, telomere attrition, and cellular senescence. PTE's ability to effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier amplifies its potential for safeguarding neural health, thereby facilitating the regulation of neuronal signalling cascades, synaptic plasticity, and mitochondrial functionality. Through engagement with sirtuin proteins, it orchestrates cellular resilience, longevity, and metabolic equilibrium. Encouraging findings from preclinical studies portray PTE as a robust candidate for counteracting age-linked cognitive decline, augmenting memory consolidation, and potentially ameliorating neurodegenerative maladies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The synthesis of current scientific insights accentuates the promising translational prospects of PTE as a potent, naturally derived therapeutic agent against cognitive impairments associated with aging. Consequently, these collective findings lay a solid groundwork for forthcoming clinical inquiries and innovative therapeutic interventions in this realm. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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    Daidzein Attenuates Ovariectomy-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Improving Cortical Endothelial Function in Rats
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-07-17T00:00:00) Jaiswal, Salok; Goyal, Ahsas; Garabadu, Debapriya
    There have been reports of decreased vascular activity in memory-sensitive brain areas, which is thought to be a different approach to managing cognitive deficiencies in females with estrogen insufficiency. Daidzein, a plant-derived phytoestrogen, facilitates cerebral blood flow in normal animals and also improves vascular activity in the peripheral tissues of the ovariectomized animal. However, its neuroprotective activity in vascular function has not yet been established in ovariectomized animals. Hence, the present study explored the caveolin-1/eNOS/VEGF-mediated signaling in the anti-amnesic ability of daidzein in ovariectomized rats. On day 5 of the Morris water maze experiment, female rats with bilateral ovariectomy displayed amnesia as measured by an increase in both escape latency and time spent in the targeted quadrant. Further, ovariectomy reduced blood flow and the level of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in rat cortical tissues. In addition, ovariectomy diminished the acetylcholine level, increased the acetylcholinesterase activity, and increased oxidative stress in rat cortical tissues. Daidzein attenuated ovariectomy-induced alterations in behavioral, vascular, cholinergic, and oxidative stress in the animals. These beneficial effects of daidzein were abolished with N-nitro-l-arginine methylester (L-NAME), which inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase, in the ovariectomized rat model. These observations emphasize the fact that daidzein potentially exerts anti-amnesic activity perhaps through the caveolin-1/eNOS/VEGF-mediated signaling pathway in ovariectomy-induced cognitive-deficit rats. Therefore, daidzein holds the potential as a therapeutic option for the treatment of cognitive deficits in postmenopausal women. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. � 2023, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia.