Department Of Pharmacology

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    Zebrafish as an emerging tool for drug discovery and development for thyroid diseases
    (Academic Press, 2022-09-06T00:00:00) Yadav, Poonam; Sarode, Lopmudra P.; Gaddam, Ravinder Reddy; Kumar, Puneet; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Khurana, Amit; Navik, Umashanker
    Zebrafish is a useful model for understanding human genetics and diseases and has evolved into a prominent scientific research model. The genetic structure of zebrafish is 70% identical to that of humans. Its small size, low cost, and transparent embryo make it a valuable tool in experimentation. Zebrafish and mammals possess the same molecular mechanism of thyroid organogenesis and development. Thus, thyroid hormone signaling, embryonic development, thyroid-related disorders, and novel genes involved in early thyroid development can all be studied using zebrafish as a model. Here in this review, we emphasize the evolving role of zebrafish as a possible tool for studying the thyroid gland in the context of physiology and pathology. The transcription factors nkx2.1a, pax2a, and hhex which contribute a pivotal role in the differentiation of thyroid primordium are discussed. Further, we have described the role of zebrafish as a model for thyroid cancer, evaluation of defects in thyroid hormone transport, thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, and as a screening tool to study thyrotoxins. Hence, the present review highlights the role of zebrafish as a novel approach to understand thyroid development and organogenesis. � 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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    Evolution of Zebrafish as a Novel Pharmacological Model in Endocrine Research
    (Springer Nature, 2022-05-30T00:00:00) Navik, Umashanker; Rawat, Pushkar Singh; Allawadhi, Prince; Khurana, Amit; Banothu, Anil Kumar; Bharani, Kala Kumar
    Zebrafish is a powerful platform in the modern era of phenotype-based drug discovery and eminent vertebrate model to study disease progression and its pathophysiology. Zebrafish possess several advantages over rodent model including low cost, females that lay up to 300 eggs per week, the optical clarity of embryo, external fertilization, and highly amenable to transgenic modifications using various genetic toolkits. Zebrafish have almost 70% genetic homology with humans, and 82% of disease-causing human proteins are orthologue to zebrafish. The bottleneck in drug discovery is high cost, laborious, and time taking processes to generate hits. Zebrafish provide a novel option to overcome this bottleneck and have enabled rapid drug discovery in the area of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, and many more. However, zebrafish cannot completely replace the mammalian model in drug discovery, but it can form a bridge between cell-based assays and mammalian models, thus reducing the overall cost and time in lead generation. Therefore, in this chapter, we have discussed the role of zebrafish as an emerging vertebrate model in the area of endocrinology disorders. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
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    Antinociceptive activity of standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri in different pain models of zebrafish
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2021-08-19T00:00:00) Sharma, Mahima; Gupta, Pankaj Kumar; Gupta, Pankaj; Garabadu, Debapriya
    Ethnopharmacological relevance: Bacopa monnieri L. (Scrophulariaceae) is commonly known as Brahmi and traditionally used as a neuroprotective herbal medicine. Recently, Bacopa monnieri exhibited significant therapeutic activity against animal model of neuropathic pain. However, the therapeutic potential of methanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri in experimental animal model is yet to establish. Aim of the study: The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive potential of standardized methanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri in experimental adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of pain. Materials and methods: The methanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri (BME) was standardized to bacoside-A using chromatographic method. Subsequently, BME (0.75, 1.25 and 5.0 mg/ml) was evaluated for anti-nociceptive activity using adult zebrafish model. Results: Standardized BME showed antioxidant effect through radical quenching activity in in vitro study. BME at 1.25 mg/ml significantly decreased the nociceptive effect induced by different noxious agents like acetic acid where as BME at 2.5 mg/ml exhibited significant antinociceptive activity against glutamate, formalin, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde when compared to control and sham group animals. Conclusion: BME exerted antinociceptive activity in adult zebrafish. It could be presumed that BME may involve glutamatergic receptor, ASIC and TRP channel activity in its anti-nociceptive effect. BME could be considered as a potential therapeutic option in the management of pain. � 2021 Elsevier B.V.