School Of Global Relations

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Author: search.filters.author.Kaur, AmandeepHas files: Yes

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    Water consumption pattern in hpuseholds of urban south asia : A study of bathinda city
    (Central University of Punjab, 2014) Kaur, Amandeep; Singh, Kiran K
    Water is used by human being by different ways; mainly it is divided into three different sectors: Agriculture sector, Industrial Sector and Domestic sector. Three of them have different factors that affect the consumption level of water. Many factors like culture, food habits, working conditions, income, and technological advancement determine the requirement of water in any area. South Asia has been fortunate in having abundant fresh water reserve but the increasing population and overexploitation of surface and ground water over the past few decades has resulted in water scarcity in this region. Water availability in South Asian countries and their cities varies with area and socio-economic groups. That availability leads to varied water consumption patterns at domestic household. People in cities have access to water at all times and places which sent a wrong signal that the water is available in plenty. These type of wrong information leads to wastage of water at domestic household. While many people are known to the fact that water resources are declining day by day but their water consumption patterns at their household are not in favour of water resources conservation. More number of water appliances, bathing and washing habits, method of watering plants at home leads to wastage of water at home. On the other hand, accessibility to fresh and clean water is also a big question. This study is an effort to analyse people behaviour and perception to know the water consumption pattern at domestic household in Bathinda city, fifth largest state of Punjab. Many socio-economic factors affect the consumption pattern, perception and awareness in domestic households. The study is based on primary and secondary data. The household survey was conducted to know the v consumption, availability, access and people awareness for conservation of water in domestic households. Water consumption will be correlated to socio economic factors such as income, household size, education level etc.
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    India's trade with six EU countries: Trends and patterns
    (Central University of Punjab, 2013) Kaur, Amandeep; Kaur, Sandeep
    India and European Union trade relations go back to 1960s. Both sides started their bilateral trade relations after their first summit which, was held in 2000 and after that India-EU has gone through various rounds of summits and negotiations for improving the bilateral trade ties. As a result, Free Trade Agreement was agreed upon between them in 2007 but it is still not fully implemented. EU is India's largest trading partner which has accounted 14.8 percent in its total trade in 2011. The study has taken up six nations of EU namely Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and UK as these countries have a large average share of trade with India during 1996-2011. The study strives to find out the trade competitiveness and patterns of India with these six EU countries by using various indices like Trade Intensity Index (TII), Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index (RSCA) and Intra Industry Trade Index (IIT). The study finds out that India's growth of exports are more as compared to imports towards these countries. Among EU's six countries, UK, Germany, Netherlands and France are the main trade partners of India. Regarding commodity composition, India's 'iron and steel', 'organic chemicals' and 'electrical equipments' are the main top ten export commodities and 'pearls and precious stones metals & coins etc', 'organic chemicals', 'electrical equipment', 'iron and steel', 'nuclear reactors', 'optical photos' and 'commodities elsewhere classified' are in the top ten import commodities of India from these six countries. Regarding RCA index of India with these countries commodities namely 'silk', 'cotton', 'articles of accessories' and 'articles of leather' and 'animals guts' have still remained in top position during the whole study period and with the severe effect of Euro crisis, some of the commodities lost their earlier place in 2011 like Indian 'cotton', 'tea coffee' and 'carpets'. RSCA index shows almost same results for these commodities. Then in the IIT index for 'chemicals and allied industries', 'wood and wood products', 'metals' and 'machinery electrical' accounted higher value of IIT index in 2000 but it has been decreasing in 2011. The study suggested that, there is diversification in goods and latest technology should be used to benefit from bilateral trade. There is still further scope to improve the FDI flows between India-EU. India should adopt policies which are open, attractive and investor friendly to enhance the FDI flows. There is a need to implement the FTA agreement at fast pace, for this there is great requirement of political will.