School Of Global Relations

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End date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.Balance of Power

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    POST 9/11 SINO-RUSSO ENTENTE: RESHAPING THE ASIAN SECURITY DYNAMICS AND CHALLENGES FOR INDIA
    (Central University of Punjab, 2019) Ramzan, Hilal; Kaushiki, Nishtha
    China and Russia belongs to the group of major players of the international system. The strategic convergence between the two countries occupies a considerable geopolitical weight. The Sino-Russian relations witnessed a dramatic change after the demise of the Soviet Union. The bilateral relations since then have witnessed a positive trend i.e., from being adversaries to strategic partners. To a large extent, both the countries seem to have overcome the problems that used to hamper their relations. Although, it was predicted that the Sino-Russo strategic partnership is full of challenges and is not going to last long, however, the two sides have been successful in sustaining their partnership so far in the 21st century. In fact, their strategic entente is becoming stronger day by day and the main reason behind this is that they are focussing more on converging interests. The U.S. factor plays a key role in the mounting Beijing-Moscow entente. The ‘Asia Pivot’ policy and the Ukraine crisis further boosted their bilateral relations. While responding to the U.S. hegemonic designs and unilateralism, both China and Russia found themselves on the same page. Therefore, the two sides have been countering Washington’s strategic designs both individually as well as jointly. Furthermore, the two powers have used the vacuum created by the U.S. involvement in the long-drawn Afghan and Iraq wars to enhance their strategic outreach. America’s relative decline has made their path of countering the U.S. hegemony easy. Both the sides in the current security scenario have been engaging the United States on two fronts i.e., Russia in Eastern Europe and the Middle East and China in the South China Sea. Initially, Pentagon was not taking any serious note of the China-Russia strategic partnership, however, since the past few years it has started to view the rising Moscow-Beijing strategic proximity with grave concern. In fact, the Trump administration in its recently published security strategies has vowed to take serious note of the Sino-Russian strategic designs which are undermining the U.S primacy in the world. All these developments are changing the security scenario of Asia, thereby resulting in the emergence of great-power competition. India being situated in such a geopolitical position can no longer remain aloof from these developments. The changing security dynamics has unfolded a plethora of challenges for India. While responding to these developments, India in one or the other way is showing its tilt towards the United States and its allies and strategic partners in the subcontinent. iv It is perhaps in this backdrop that Russia has made revisions in its Pakistan policy by showing positive overtures towards the latter. Furthermore, India seems to be losing its time-tested friend Russia to its arch-rival China in the changing geopolitical realities as Moscow-Beijing partnership has become much more than the ‘axis of convenience’. In fact, it has become difficult for New Delhi to balance its relations between Russia and the United States. Although, New Delhi has been successful so far in walking the tight rope quite well, however, it is becoming more challenging for it to maintain its strategic autonomy. While looking at the developments these challenges are going to become more intense for India in the years to come. Keeping these developments in view, this work analysed the strategic proximity between Beijing and Moscow with special focus on its current status. Secondly, the U.S. factor in the mounting Sino-Russian strategic embrace, and how this partnership is undermining the U.S. predominance in Asia, has been analysed. Finally, the challenges that this emerging great-power rivalry has unfolded for India and its response to the changing geo-political realities have been analysed.
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    Changing Contours of Balance of Power in AsiaPacific: India’s Paradoxes and Pragmatism
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Thoker, Parvaiz Ahmad; Singh, Bawa
    Since the end of the Cold War, one of the world’s largest regions-the AsiaPacific has undergone significant changes in the pattern of the power balancing equations. The breakup of Soviet Union has left indelible and drastic impacts on the overall strategic scenario of the Asia-Pacific region. The two major powers-China and Russia are coming closer, and on the other hand, the US along with its significant allies sought to maintain its hegemony in the region. However, the US presence is facing stern challenges from the rising China. Therefore, the region has been experiencing the formation of alliances and counter-alliances with the US and China as leading players. Thus a situation of new power equations has been arising in the region whereby different groupings try to contain each other through varied moves and counter moves. During the Cold War, India had been more associated with the Former Soviet Union (FSU). However, in the post-Cold War era, the NAMa lynchpin of Indian foreign policy has been left in the lurch and, thus, a paradigmatic shift was witnessed in India’s overall foreign policy approach in general and AsiaPacific region in particular. No doubt, India possesses multifaceted geostrategic iv interests in the Asia-Pacific region. However, India’s policy goals vis-à-vis AsiaPacific has been facing grave challenges given the recent power shifts in the region. Hence, through this study, a sincere effort has been made to analyse the emerging power balancing equations in Asia-Pacific with the US and China as the main actors. Moreover, this work discusses in detail about how the post-Cold War re-emergence of Russia affects the changing Asia-Pacific regional order. Further, at the end, the study has also attempted to analyse India’s Asia-Pacific policy along with the diverse challenges and potentials vis-à-vis new emerging power dynamics in the region.
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    Pakistan and Russia Relationship: Changing Dynamics in the Post-Cold War Era
    (Central University of Punjab, 2016) Singh, Besakh; Verma, Sudheer Singh
    It would be an important relationship for Pakistan to become a regional partner of Russia, which is a major regional player in the South Asia. During the Cold War and the Post-Cold War era, Pakistan and the Russian Federation (erstwhile the Soviet Union) relationship fluctuated time to time. Pakistan and Russia relationship have been remained over shadow on India and United State of relationship. Both countries' relationship has positive effects on the regional and global political environment. These positive effects are in the geopolitics, economic, security, and trade. It is evident that in the post 9/11 attack, Pakistan emerged as a 'frontline state' in the 'war on terror'. Generally, nation-states follow strategies to gain economic and security related interests out of available opportunities in the world politics. It has been seen as progress in international relations when Pakistan and Russian relations recently moving towards trust zone in the Post-Cold War era. In Inspite of the limitations, the relationship has strong prospects in the Post-Cold War era. Thus, Pakistan has to keep maintain its diplomatic focus on the mutual interests through keeping friendly relations with the Russian Federation. The both countries' relations would help in easing the Political environment in the South Asia.