School Of Global Relations

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    Women's Participation in Panchayati Raj Institution in Punjab: A Case Study of Villages - Bahadurgarh Jandian and Raike Khurd of District Bathinda
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Singh, Husanpreet; Verma, Sudheer Singh
    Panchayati Raj Institutions have always been considered as a means to people's participation in decision-making process regarding their development programmes. It is also materialisation of Philosophy of Gandhi regarding up liftmen of rural community and self-development through their political participation. After Feasibility study conducted by several governmental constitute committees; India have given constitutional validity to the Panchayati Raj institution through introduction of the 73rd constitutional amendment. The constitution has made provision of representation for the disadvantaged section of the society like schedule caste, scheduled tribes and women in the process of local governance as an electoral representative and a voter. To what extent are they facing hurdles to be part of the governance? The study has further made an attempt to find out that whether the conditions of women in rural area of Punjab has been changed through their participation in local governance. For the said study, there has been collected sample data of twenty women representatives. In which, some women are elected representatives of Panchayati Raj and another as voters from the two villages. These data have helped to understand women's participation along with the available theoretical works. At last, the study has found that in male-dominated society, husband of women takes decision in the name of his wife wherever or whenever women becomes a head of v the Panchayati Raj institution at village. The study also found that this has been happening due to lack of education and awareness among women at villages.
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    Water consumption pattern in hpuseholds of urban south asia : A study of bathinda city
    (Central University of Punjab, 2014) Kaur, Amandeep; Singh, Kiran K
    Water is used by human being by different ways; mainly it is divided into three different sectors: Agriculture sector, Industrial Sector and Domestic sector. Three of them have different factors that affect the consumption level of water. Many factors like culture, food habits, working conditions, income, and technological advancement determine the requirement of water in any area. South Asia has been fortunate in having abundant fresh water reserve but the increasing population and overexploitation of surface and ground water over the past few decades has resulted in water scarcity in this region. Water availability in South Asian countries and their cities varies with area and socio-economic groups. That availability leads to varied water consumption patterns at domestic household. People in cities have access to water at all times and places which sent a wrong signal that the water is available in plenty. These type of wrong information leads to wastage of water at domestic household. While many people are known to the fact that water resources are declining day by day but their water consumption patterns at their household are not in favour of water resources conservation. More number of water appliances, bathing and washing habits, method of watering plants at home leads to wastage of water at home. On the other hand, accessibility to fresh and clean water is also a big question. This study is an effort to analyse people behaviour and perception to know the water consumption pattern at domestic household in Bathinda city, fifth largest state of Punjab. Many socio-economic factors affect the consumption pattern, perception and awareness in domestic households. The study is based on primary and secondary data. The household survey was conducted to know the v consumption, availability, access and people awareness for conservation of water in domestic households. Water consumption will be correlated to socio economic factors such as income, household size, education level etc.