School Of Global Relations

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    COVID-19 Vaccine, TRIPS, and Global Health Diplomacy: India's Role at the WTO Platform
    (Hindawi Limited, 2021-08-27T00:00:00) Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Singh, Bawa; Kaur, Jaspal; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
    In light of the devastation caused by COVID-19, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and vaccine research and development (R&D) have been occupying a prominent position in the field of global health diplomacy (GHD). Most countries, international organizations, and charitable organizations have been engaged in the R&D of COVID-19 vaccines to ensure timely affordability and accessibility to all countries. Concomitantly, the World Trade Organization (WTO) provides some provisions and enforcements regarding copyrights, patents, trademarks, geographical indications, and industrial designs. Given these safeguards, it is considered that intellectual property rights (IPRs) have become major barriers to the affordability and accessibility of vaccines/medicines/technology, particularly to the developing/least developed countries. Realizing the gravity of the pandemic impact, as well as its huge population and size, India has elevated this issue in its global health diplomacy by submitting a joint proposal with South Africa to the World Trade Organization (WTO) for a temporary waiver of IPRs to ensure timely affordability and accessibility of COVID-19 medical products to all countries. However, the issue of the temporary waive off had become a geopolitical issue. Countries that used to claim per se as strong advocates of human rights, egalitarianism, and healthy democracy have opposed this proposal. In this contrasting milieu, this paper is aimed at examining how the TRIPS has become a barrier for developing countries' development and distribution of vaccines/technology; secondly, how India strategizes its role in the WTO in pursuant of its global health diplomacy? We conclude that the IPRs regime should not become a barrier to the accessibility/affordability of essential drugs and vaccines. To ensure access, India needs to get more engaged in GHD with all the involved global stakeholders to get strong support for their joint proposal. The developed countries that rejected/resisted the proposal can rethink their full support. � 2021 Vijay Kumar Chattu et al.
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    Violation of human rights of women in south asia: A case study of punjab 1978-1992
    (Central University of Punjab, 2013) Singh, Rajnbir; Kaur, Sandeep
    Irrespective of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1948, which was evolved to protect the fundamental rights of human beings for realization of human life and liberty with dignity, the violation of human rights has become a global phenomenon of intimidating scale and magnitude. South Asia is seen as a major site of human rights violation, particularly that of women. The present study is a modest attempt to look at the violation of human rights suffered by the women in the state of Indian Punjab during the time of movement for separate homeland and militancy. The study presume that women are more vulnerable to human rights violation in the modern world and various struggles at the national and sub-national levels against the state driven them to the receiving end of state repression. It is known that Punjab witnessed massive violation of human rights in the course of suppression of militancy which rattled life in Punjab since the creation of Punjabi Suba in 1966. However, the slew of anti-terrorist laws used by the government to suppress militancy led to incidents in which particularly women were detained and tortured illegally by the police to get information of armed Sikhs or on the pretext that these women harbour the armed Sikhs. The field work carried out as part of the study shows that the women concerned had to suffer severe degree of torture of varying methods, which made many of them victims of medical and psychological disorders like depression, severe pain in body, damaged muscles and anxiety. It is also found that many women became homeless due to the unrest and the rehabilitation of these women remains unrealised even today. So also is the case of compensation, a gesture of justice that is long pending