Department Of Biochemistry And Microbial Sciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Kumar, Ramesh

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    Antitubercular drugs: possible role of natural products acting as antituberculosis medication in overcoming drug resistance and drug-induced hepatotoxicity
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-09-04T00:00:00) Rana, Harvesh Kumar; Singh, Amit Kumar; Kumar, Ramesh; Pandey, Abhay K.
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacterium which causes tuberculosis (TB). TB control programmes are facing threats from drug resistance. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb strains need longer and more expensive treatment with many medications resulting in more adverse effects and decreased chances of treatment outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasised the development of not just new individual anti-TB drugs, but also novel medication regimens as an alternative treatment option for the drug-resistant Mtb strains. Many plants, as well as marine creatures (sponge; Haliclona sp.) and fungi, have been continuously used to treat TB in various traditional treatment systems around the world, providing an almost limitless supply of active components. Natural products, in addition to their anti-mycobacterial action, can be used as adjuvant therapy to increase the efficacy of conventional anti-mycobacterial medications, reduce their side effects, and reverse MDR Mtb strain due to Mycobacterium�s genetic flexibility and environmental adaptation. Several natural compounds such as quercetin, ursolic acid, berberine, thymoquinone, curcumin, phloretin, and propolis have shown potential anti-mycobacterial efficacy and are still being explored in preclinical and clinical investigations for confirmation of their efficacy and safety as anti-TB medication. However, more high-level randomized clinical trials are desperately required. The current review provides an overview of drug-resistant TB along with the latest anti-TB medications, drug-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Further, the role and mechanisms of action of first and second-line anti-TB drugs and new drugs have been highlighted. Finally, the role of natural compounds as anti-TB medication and hepatoprotectants�have been described and their mechanisms discussed. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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    Anti-proliferative, apoptosis inducing, and antioxidant potential of Callistemon lanceolatus bark extracts: an in vitro and in silico study
    (Springer, 2023-05-08T00:00:00) Kumar, Ramesh; Kushwaha, Prem Prakash; Singh, Atul Kumar; Kumar, Shashank; Pandey, Abhay Kumar
    The present study reports anticancer and antioxidant activities of Callistemon lanceolatus bark extracts. Anticancer activity was studied against MDA-MB-231 cells. Antioxidant assessment of the chloroform and methanol extracts showed considerable free radical scavenging, metal ion chelating, and reducing power potential. Chloroform extract exhibited potent inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in MTT assay (IC50 9.6�?g/ml) and promoted programmed cell death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) disruption ability, and nuclear morphology changes were studied using H2-DCFDA, JC-1, and Hoechst dyes, respectively, using confocal microscopy. Apoptotic cells exhibited fragmented nuclei, increased ROS generation, and altered MMP in dose- and time-dependent manner. Chloroform extract upregulated the BAX-1 and CASP3 mRNA expression coupled with downregulation of BCL-2 gene. Further, in silico docking of phytochemicals present in C. lanceolatus with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein endorsed apoptosis by its inhibition and thus corroborated the experimental findings. Obatoclax, a known inhibitor of Bcl-2 was used as a reference compounds. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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    Current therapeutic modalities and chemopreventive role of natural products in liver cancer: Progress and promise
    (Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 2023-01-15T00:00:00) Singh, Amit Kumar; Singh, Shiv Vardan; Kumar, Ramesh; Kumar, Shashank; Senapati, Sabyasachi; Pandey, Abhay K
    Liver cancer is a severe concern for public health officials since the clinical cases are increasing each year, with an estimated 5-year survival rate of 30%�35% after diagnosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a significant subtype of liver cancer (approximate75%) and is considered primary liver cancer. Treatment for liver cancer mainly depends on the stage of its progression, where surgery including, hepatectomy and liver transplantation, and ablation and radiotherapy are the prime choice. For advanced liver cancer, various drugs and immunotherapy are used as first-line treatment, whereas second-line treatment includes chemotherapeutic drugs from natural and synthetic origins. Sorafenib and lenvatinib are first-line therapies, while regorafenib and ramucirumab are secondline therapy. Various metabolic and signaling pathways such as Notch, JAK/ STAT, Hippo, TGF-?, and Wnt have played a critical role during HCC progression. Dysbiosis has also been implicated in liver cancer. Drug-induced toxicity is a key obstacle in the treatment of liver cancer, necessitating the development of effective and safe medications, with natural compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, diallyl sulfide, and others emerging as promising anticancer agents. This review highlights the current status of liver cancer research, signaling pathways, therapeutic targets, current treatment strategies and the chemopreventive role of various natural products in managing liver cancer � The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved
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    Characterization of phytochemicals and validation of antioxidant and anticancer activity in some Indian polyherbal ayurvedic products
    (Springer, 2021-03-13T00:00:00) Kushwaha, Prem Prakash; Kumar, Ramesh; Neog, Panchi Rani; Behara, Malay Ranjan; Singh, Pratibha; Kumar, Ajay; Prajapati, Kumari Sunita; Singh, Atul Kumar; Shuaib, Mohd; Sharma, Amit Kumar; Pandey, Abhay Kumar; Kumar, Shashank
    In the present comparative study, the authors studied the antioxidant and anticancer activity of commercially available polyherbal Indian Ayurvedic products namely Divya Sarvakalp Kwath (DSKK), Divya Sanjivani Vati (DSV), Kanchanar Guggulu (KG) and Shakti Drop (SD). Authors also quantified phenolic and flavonoid contents in the samples. Solid powdered samples (DSKK, DSV, and KG) were extracted in methanol and water (1:1) using cold extraction method. Spectrophotometry technique was used to quantify the phytochemicals present in test samples. DSKK showed comparatively higher content of total phenolics (247.65 � 0.05 ?gPGE/g) and flavonoid (34.66 � 0.19 �gQE/mg). Radical scavenging, metal ion chelation and reducing potential of test products were studied using nitric oxide scavenging, DPPH, metal ion chelation, reducing power ability, and phosphomolybdate in vitro antioxidant assays at different concentration. Dose-dependent antioxidant activity was observed in all the test samples at 100�500��g or �l/ml concentration. Anticancer efficacy of the test samples were studied in lung (A549), colon (Colo205), and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines at different concentrations (10�100��g or �l/ml) using MTT assay. Confocal microscopy was used to reveal the apoptotic induction, mitochondrial membrane integrity disruption and reactive oxygen species production ability of test products in cancer cells. The present study revealed that DSKK possesses comparatively better antioxidant potential and SD has potent anticancer activity against breast cancer cells. � 2021, Society for Plant Research.