Department Of Biochemistry And Microbial Sciences
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Item Terpenoids: Synthesis and biological activities(Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2018) Kushwaha, P.P.; Kumar, S.Terpenoid is the naturally occurring compound synthesized from isoprene units. Terpenoid plays a variety of functions in the growth and development of plants. Most of the terpenoid perform chemical communications and defense function in both biotic and abiotic environment. Terpenoid is classified into different groups such as monoterpene, diterpene, a sesquiterpene, triterpene, tetraterpene, and polyterpene. Terpenoids are reported for their excellent anti-platelet aggregation and anticancer activity. They regulate cellular signaling pathway, cell cycle phases and induce apoptosis. In this chapter, we mainly focused on the different class of the terpenoid, function and their biosynthesis in the plant system. ? 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Item Glycogenolysis(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Kushwaha, P.P.; Kumar, S.In animals glycogen is the main storage form of fuel material. It is a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose. Excess of glucose in body get stored in the form of glycogen for further utilization. In future when the body gets starvation condition the stored glycogen in the body gets split into its monomer constituent glucose. The glucose is then utilized by the body to fulfill the energy requirement. Breakdown of glycogen is known as glycogenolysis. It is a step by step process that produces glucose. In the present chapter we will discuss the structure and function of glycogen. The detailed mechanism of glycogenolysis is discussed in the chapter. Moreover we also discussed the regulation of this metabolic process. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Flavonoids: Synthesis and biological activities(Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2018) Kushwaha, P.P.; Singh, P.; Kumar, S.Flavonoid, the biggest class of secondary metabolite, are are found in vegetable, parsley, fruits, and wine. They are divided into distinct subgroups such as flavanols or catechins, flavones, flavanonols, flavanones, and anthocyanins. Flavonoids performs various protective functions against several herbivore, insectivores, and microbes. Some of the flavonoids such ascampothecin and vincristine are approved as anticancer drug. In the present chapter, we focused on different group of flavonoids and their potential functional relationship with the environment and disease. ? 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Item Carbohydrate digestion andabsorption(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Kushwaha, P.P.; Kumar, S.Our body needs energy to perform various functions of the cell. Food is required to fulfill the energy requirement of the body. Protein, fats, vitamins and carbohydrates are the major food components. Out of these carbohydrate is considered as the main source of energy. Carbohydrate is chemical moiety having carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are simple to complex in nature. Energy resides in the bond energy of the carbohydrate molecule. Digestion of carbohydrate is the process by which the complex carbohydrate molecules get split into simpler carbohydrate moiety. Digestion is necessary because the complex molecules should be converted into simpler molecules that might able to get absorb by the intestinal cell. After absorption the molecules travel to different cells of the body via blood. Various forms of transporters are used for the transportation of glucose in the body. In the present chapter we discussed the chemical and physical properties of some monosaccharaide and polysaccharide; carbohydrate digestion through digestive system and enzymes involved; and mechanism of absorption. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Item Bioactive carbohydrates(Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2018) Kushwaha, P.P.; Tiwari, A.; Kumar, S.Carbohydrates (also known as saccharides) are the chemical moieties composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Based upon their association they are known as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the major energy providing moieties in the body. Different level of carbohydrate such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides play important role in functioning of the body. It has been demonstrated that polysaccharides and oligosaccharides together constitutes one of the most abundant group of biopolymer. In other words polysaccharide constitutes an important part of the bio-macromolecules in the life science. Generally bioactive carbohydrate may be defined as those show biological efficacy in organism and are produced by the organism. Beside the above mentioned functions, bioactive polysaccharides play role against different diseases, disorders and infection. The complex structure, assembly of monomers, pattern of bonding and charge distribution among polysaccharide structures is the basis of differential biochemical activities of bioactive carbohydrates. In the present book chapter we will discuss various bioactive polysaccharides, their natural occurrence, biological and medicinal attributes. ? 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.