School Of Health Sciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Khurana, AmitSubject: search.filters.subject.Oxidative stress

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    Advances in therapeutic applications of silver nanoparticles
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023-06-01T00:00:00) Kaushal, Ashutosh; Khurana, Isha; Yadav, Poonam; Allawadhi, Prince; Banothu, Anil Kumar; Neeradi, Dinesh; Thalugula, Sunitha; Barani, Percy Jasmine; Naik, Ramavath Redya; Navik, Umashanker; Bharani, Kala Kumar; Khurana, Amit
    Nanotechnology is one of the most appealing area for developing new applications in biotechnology and medicine. For decades, nanoparticles have been extensively studied for a variety of biomedical applications. Silver has evolved into a potent antibacterial agent that can be used in a variety of nanostructured materials of various shapes and sizes. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) based antimicrobial compounds are employed in a wide range of applications, including medicinal uses, surface treatment and coatings, the chemical and food industries, and agricultural productivity. When designing formulations for specific applications, the size, shape, and surface area of AgNPs are all crucial structural aspects to consider. Different methods for producing AgNPs with varying sizes and forms that are less harmful have been devised. The anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-angiogenic properties of AgNPs have been addressed in this review, as well as their generation and processes. Herein, we have reviewed the advances in therapeutic applications of AgNPs, as well as their limitations and barriers for future applications. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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    Betaine Intervention as a Novel Approach to Preventing Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
    (Elsevier Inc., 2023-09-24T00:00:00) Jaiswal, Aiswarya; Rawat, Pushkar Singh; Singh, Sumeet Kumar; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Khurana, Amit; Navik, Umashanker
    The anthracycline anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) is widely prescribed for treating lung, ovary, breast, lymphoma, sarcoma, and pediatric cancer. Mechanistically, Dox intercalates the DNA and inhibits the topoisomerase II enzyme in fast-proliferating cancer. The clinical application of Dox is limited due to its cardiotoxicity, including congestive heart failure, alterations in myocardial structure, arrhythmia, and left ventricular dysfunction. Dox causes cardiotoxicity via various mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctioning, deranged Ca2+ homeostasis, inflammation, fibrosis, downregulating AMPK, etc. Betaine is a zwitterion-based drug known as N, N, N trimethylglycine that regulates the methionine cycle and homocysteine (a risk factor for cardiovascular disease) detoxification through betaine-homocysteine methyltransferases. Betaine is nontoxic and has several beneficial effects in different disease models. Betaine treatment decreases the amyloid ? generation, reduces obesity, improves steatosis and fibrosis, and activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Further, betaine downregulates 8?hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, and upregulates catalases, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that betaine might be a rational drug candidate to effectively combat Dox-associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. � 2023 The Author(s)
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    Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An update on the molecular mechanism and novel therapeutic strategies for effective management
    (Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2021-05-13T00:00:00) Rawat, Pushkar Singh; Jaiswal, Aiswarya; Khurana, Amit; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Navik, Umashanker
    Doxorubicin (Dox) is a secondary metabolite of the mutated strain of Streptomyces peucetius var. Caesius and belongs to the anthracyclines family. The anti-cancer activity of Dox is mainly exerted through the DNA intercalation and inhibiting topoisomerase II enzyme in fast-proliferating tumors. However, Dox causes cumulative and dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which results in increased risks of mortality among cancer patients and thus limiting its wide clinical applications. There are several mechanisms has been proposed for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress, free radical generation and apoptosis are most widely reported. Apart from this, other mechanisms are also involved in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity such as impaired mitochondrial function, a perturbation in iron regulatory protein, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, autophagy, the release of nitric oxide and inflammatory mediators and altered gene and protein expression that involved apoptosis. Dox also causes downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) enzyme activity which leads to a reduction in the DNA methylation process. This hypomethylation causes dysregulation in the mitochondrial genes like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1-alpha (PGC-1?), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) unit in the heart. Apart from DNA methylation, Dox treatment also alters the micro RNAs levels and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Therefore, in the current review, we have provided a detailed update on the current understanding of the pathological mechanisms behind the well-known Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Further, we have provided some of the most plausible pharmacological strategies which have been tested against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. � 2021 The Authors