School Of Health Sciences
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/102
Browse
2 results
Search Results
Item Dysregulated autophagy: A key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications(Elsevier B.V., 2023-02-14T00:00:00) Sehrawat, Abhishek; Mishra, Jayapriya; Mastana, Sarabjit Singh; Navik, Umashanker; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Reddy, P. Hemachandra; Bhatti, Jasvinder SinghAutophagy is essential in regulating the turnover of macromolecules via removing damaged organelles, misfolded proteins in various tissues, including liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue to maintain the cellular homeostasis. In these tissues, a specific type of autophagy maintains the accumulation of lipid droplets which is directly related to obesity and the development of insulin resistance. It appears to play a protective role in a normal physiological environment by eliminating the invading pathogens, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles and generating energy and new building blocks by recycling the cellular components. Ageing is also a crucial modulator of autophagy process. During stress conditions involving nutrient deficiency, lipids excess, hypoxia etc., autophagy serves as a pro-survival mechanism by recycling the free amino acids to maintain the synthesis of proteins. The dysregulated autophagy has been found in several ageing associated diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. So, targeting autophagy can be a promising therapeutic strategy against the progression to diabetes related complications. Our article provides a comprehensive outline of understanding of the autophagy process, including its types, mechanisms, regulation, and role in the pathophysiology of T2DM and related complications. We also explored the significance of autophagy in the homeostasis of ?-cells, insulin resistance (IR), clearance of protein aggregates such as islet amyloid polypeptide, and various insulin-sensitive tissues. This will further pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes-related complications. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.Item Modulating autophagy and mitophagy as a promising therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders(Elsevier Inc., 2022-11-04T00:00:00) Mishra, Jayapriya; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Sehrawat, Abhishek; Singh, Charan; Singh, Arti; Reddy, Arubala P.; Reddy, P. Hemachandra; Bhatti, Jasvinder SinghThe high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has become a major public health challenge and is associated with a tremendous burden on individuals, society and federal governments worldwide. Protein misfolding and aggregation are the major pathological hallmarks of several neurodegenerative disorders. The cells have evolved several regulatory mechanisms to deal with aberrant protein folding, namely the classical ubiquitin pathway, where ubiquitination of protein aggregates marks their degradation via lysosome and the novel autophagy or mitophagy pathways. Autophagy is a catabolic process in eukaryotic cells that allows the lysosome to recycle the cell's own contents, such as organelles and proteins, known as autophagic cargo. Their most significant role is to keep cells alive in distressed situations. Mitophagy is also crucial for reducing abnormal protein aggregation and increasing organelle clearance and partly accounts for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, substantial data indicate that any disruption in these homeostatic mechanisms leads to the emergence of several age-associated metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. So, targeting autophagy and mitophagy might be a potential therapeutic strategy for a variety of health conditions. � 2022