School Of Health Sciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Munshi A.Has files: Yes

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    ACE-Triggered Hypertension Incites Stroke: Genetic, Molecular, and Therapeutic Aspects
    (Springer, 2019) Vasudeva K.; Balyan R.; Munshi A.
    Stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has emerged as an important player in the pathogenesis of hypertension and consequently stroke. It encodes ACE enzyme that converts the inactive decapeptide angiotensin I to active octapeptide, angiotensin II (Ang II). Dysregulation in the expression of ACE gene, on account of genetic variants or regulation by miRNAs, alters the levels of ACE in the circulation. Variable expression of ACE affects the levels of Ang II. Ang II acts through different signal transduction pathways via various tyrosine kinases (receptor/non-receptor) and protein serine/threonine kinases, initiating a downstream cascade of molecular events. In turn these activated molecular pathways might lead to hypertension and inflammation thereby resulting in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases including stroke. In order to regulate the overexpression of ACE, many ACE inhibitors and blockers have been developed, some of which are still under clinical trials.
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    Safety and ethics in biotechnology and bioengineering: What to follow and what not to
    (Elsevier Inc., 2017) Munshi A.; Sharma V.
    Biotechnology and bioengineering are disciplines of science, which use knowledge of biological sciences and advanced technologies to generate new and useful products and processes for the benefit of society. The potential of biotechnology and bioengineering is immense because it touches the entire spectrum of life including agriculture, food processing, medicine, and many other areas. The rapid advances in biotechnology and bioengineering have restricted most of the resources. Although, genetically modified organisms have many benefits, they are always considered to impose a threat to the environment and human health in some way or the other. The deliberate modification and transfer of specifically constructed gene assemblies by using advanced techniques has created continuing disagreement globally. Apart from blessings and benefits of these fields, ethical concerns such as informed consent, confidentiality, subjects for research, equal access to the benefits of research, mortality, benefits to the person employed for research such as insurance, intellectual property rights, and liability are required to be articulated. Beside this, major emphasis is on how to control bioterrorism using genetically engineered super pathogens and drugs to erase memory and immune system. Therefore, the bioethics for the safe regulation of potential benefits of biotechnology and bioengineering and for welfare of mankind and nature is of paramount consideration. Apex regulatory agencies such as US FDA, Environmental Protection Agency, and ICMR has proposed "Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects," guidelines to regulate the developments in the area of Biomedical Science. The aim of this chapter is to delineate the ethical and safety concerns raised by applications of biotechnology and bioengineering.