School Of Health Sciences

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    Monkeypox infection: The past, present, and future
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022-10-29T00:00:00) Upadhayay, Shubham; Arthur, Richmond; Soni, Divya; Yadav, Poonam; Navik, UmaShanker; Singh, Randhir; Gurjeet Singh, Thakur; Kumar, Puneet
    Monkeypox is a zoonotic illness caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) that has a similar etiology to smallpox. The first case of monkeypox was reported in Western and Central Africa in 1971, and in 2003, there was an outbreak of monkeypox viruses outside Africa. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), monkeypox is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or persons exposed to infectious sores, scabs, or body fluids. Also, intimate contact between people during sex, kissing, cuddling, or touching parts of the body can result in the spreading of this disease. The use of the smallpox vaccine against monkeypox has several challenges and hence anti-virals such as cidofovir, brincidofovir, and tecovirimat have been used for the symptomatic relief of patients and reversing the lesion formation on the skin. Despite the recent outbreak of monkeypox most especially in hitherto non-endemic countries, there is still a lack of definitive treatment for monkeypox. In the present review, emphasis was focused on etiopathology, transmission, currently available therapeutic agents, and future targets that could be explored to halt the progression of monkeypox. From our review we can postulate that owing to the lack of a definitive cure to this reemerging disorder, there is a need for general awareness about the transmission as well as to develop appropriate diagnostic procedures, immunizations, and antiviral medication. � 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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    Potential use of cidofovir, brincidofovir, and tecovirimat drugs in fighting monkeypox infection: recent trends and advancements
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-10-14T00:00:00) Rani, Isha; Joshi, Hemant; Sharma, Ujjawal; Kaur, Jagjit; Sood, Shivani; Ramniwas, Seema; Chauhan, Abhishek; Abdulabbas, Hadi Sajid; Tuli, Hardeep Singh
    Recent years have witnessed the rise of more recent pandemic outbreaks including COVID-19 and monkeypox. A multinational monkeypox outbreak creates a complex situation that necessitates countermeasures to the existing quo. The first incidence of monkeypox was documented in the 1970s, and further outbreaks led to a public health emergency of international concern. Yet as of right now, neither vaccines nor medicines are certain to treat monkeypox. Even the inability of conducting human clinical trials has prevented thousands of patients from receiving effective disease management. The current state of the disease�s understanding, the treatment options available, financial resources, and lastly international policies to control an epidemic state are the major obstacles to controlling epidemics. The current review focuses on the epidemiology of monkeypox, scientific ideas, and available treatments, including potential monkeypox therapeutic methods. As a result, a thorough understanding of monkeypox literature will facilitate in the development of new therapeutic medications for the prevention and treatment of monkeypox. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.