School Of Health Sciences

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    Methionine as a double-edged sword in health and disease: Current perspective and future challenges
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2021-10-25T00:00:00) Navik, Umashanker; Sheth, Vaibhav G.; Khurana, Amit; Jawalekar, Snehal Sainath; Allawadhi, Prince; Gaddam, Ravinder Reddy; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Tikoo, Kulbhushan
    Methionine is one of the essential amino acids and plays a vital role in various cellular processes. Reports advocate that methionine restriction and supplementation provide promising outcomes, and its regulation is critical for maintaining a healthy life. Dietary methionine restriction in houseflies and rodents has been proven to extend lifespan. Contrary to these findings, long-term dietary restriction of methionine leads to adverse events such as bone-related disorders, stunted growth, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Conversely, dietary supplementation of methionine improves hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, fibrosis, and bone health. However, a high level of methionine intake shows adverse effects such as hyperhomocysteinemia, reduced body weight, and increased cholesterol levels. Therefore, dietary methionine in a safe dose could have medicinal values. Hence, this review is aimed to provide a snapshot of the dietary role and regulation of methionine in the modulation of health and age-related diseases. � 2021 Elsevier B.V.
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    mTOR and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Obesity and Cancer
    (Springer Singapore, 2021-07-18T00:00:00) Biswas, Indranil; Maurya, Shashank Kumar; Senapati, Sabyasachi
    The mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is the main regulator of important cellular processes, including cellular growth, proliferation, protein synthesis, protein remodeling, autophagy, and cell metabolism in response to nutrition status, growth factor, and stress signals. Previous studies demonstrated that mTOR signaling plays a crucial role in the function of adipose tissue such as adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, thermogenesis, and adipokine biosynthesis and release. Nutritional status in adipose tissues is different than its surrounding microenvironment, which receive altered metabolic ques. from the adipose tissues. In regard to its critical role in cellular processes, it is expected that obesity and related metabolic disorders will have direct role in dysregulation of mTOR signaling. Aberrant mTOR signaling is commonly observed in different types of cancer. Hyperactivation of mTORC1 pathway activates cell proliferation and decreased autophagy, which leads to initiation of tumor growth, progression, and angiogenesis. Another regulator of metabolic activity, adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), maintains the energy homeostasis in response to metabolic alteration. Previous research demonstrated that AMPK is a key cellular energy sensor responsible for regulating the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissues. AMPK has also been demonstrated to negatively regulate diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic syndromes. Apart from metabolic syndrome and diabetes, the AMPK signaling has shown therapeutic potential due to its unique potential in regulating of cancer cell proliferation via cell metabolism reprogramming.. Previous reports suggest the tumor suppressive role of AMPK that sense the energy deficiency in solid tumors, thereby inhibit the cellular proliferation. However, recent data proposes that tumor cells gain growth advantage in oxygen and nutrient deprived condition via exploiting AMPK activation. In light of adipose tissue associated tumors, it is well known that adipose tissues activate inflammation in response oxygen deprivation. However, the role of altered metabolism, specifically interaction between adipose tissues and tumor microenvironment, in terms of mTOR and AMPK signaling is not well known. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Taylor and Francis Pte Ltd. 2021.