School Of Health Sciences

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Probiotics

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    Gut microbiota dysbiosis and Huntington's disease: Exploring the gut-brain axis and novel microbiota-based interventions
    (Elsevier Inc., 2023-06-24T00:00:00) Sharma, Garvita; Biswas, Shristi Saroj; Mishra, Jayapriya; Navik, Umashanker; Kandimalla, Ramesh; Reddy, P. Hemachandra; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh
    Huntington's disease (HD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder affected by genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Gut dysbiosis is termed as the alterations of intestinal microbial profile. Emerging research has highlighted the pivotal role of gut dysbiosis in HD, focusing on the gut-brain axis as a novel research parameter in science. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of gut microbiota dysbiosis and its relationship with HD and its pathogenesis along with the future challenges and opportunities. The focuses on the essential mechanisms which link gut dysbiosis to HD pathophysiology including neuroinflammation, immune system dysregulation, altered metabolites composition, and neurotransmitter imbalances. We also explored the impacts of gut dysbiosis on HD onset, severity, and symptoms such as cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in therapeutics including microbiota-based therapeutic approaches, including dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and combination therapies with conventional HD treatments and their applications in managing HD. The future challenges are also highlighted as the heterogeneity of gut microbiota, interindividual variability, establishing causality between gut dysbiosis and HD, identifying optimal therapeutic targets and strategies, and ensuring the long-term safety and efficacy of microbiota-based interventions. This review provides a better understanding of the potential role of gut microbiota in HD pathogenesis and guides the development of novel therapeutic approaches. � 2023 Elsevier Inc.
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    Molecular Mechanism of Beneficial Effects of Probiotics in Alcohol-Induced Liver Disorder
    (Springer Nature, 2022-05-04T00:00:00) Bali, Anjana; Jaggi, Amteshwar Singh; Chawla, Viney; Pottoo, Faheem Hyder; Chawla, Pooja A.
    Regular consumption of alcohol remains a predominant cause of a variety of hepatic disorders. There exist many alcohol-induced liver diseases including steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. Microflora of the gut has been considered as important in the pathophysiology of different disorders and long-term alcohol consumption significantly disrupts the intestinal flora composition and gut microbiota in liver disorders. Recent research studies have shown that probiotics significantly modulate the gut microbiota as well as ameliorate alcohol consumption-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. Thus, targeting the gut�liver axis may be beneficial in the above-mentioned disorders. Interestingly, the investigations on the use of probiotics in alcohol-induced liver diseases are gaining more clinical importance. It has been shown that probiotics bring about an improvement in the responses of the immune system and significantly bring down the generation of free radicals induced by alcohol. Further, they reduce the inflammatory cytokines in the liver and intestine. Besides, studies have shown that the use of probiotics significantly increases fatty acid ?-oxidation and decreases lipogenesis which is beneficial in the management of hepatic steatosis induced by alcohol. The current book chapter will focus on the use of probiotic species in preventing and treating alcohol-induced liver disorders along with the underlying potential mechanism of action. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
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    Microbiome in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
    (Springer Nature, 2022-03-25T00:00:00) Rakshit, Arnab; Verma, Aarti; Verma, Saloni; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Khurana, Amit; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Jawalekar, Snehal Sainath; Navik, Umashanker
    Tuberculosis (TB) is among the global dominant fatal infection caused by a single organism, and it is still holding its position in spite of the golden age of the antibiotics. The recent studies are mostly focused on finding the prevention of TB rather than curing it because the antimycobacterial chemotherapy is failing constantly due to emerging multidrug resistance (MDR). Further, the intestinal microbiota is the central command for maintaining the homeostasis of the microbial profile of different organs. The change in the intestinal microbiota effects homeostasis by impacting the immune response to the microbial profile of various organs. Thus, it also affects the chance of contracting the infections. Here in this chapter, it is mostly focused on the reason behind the TB getting chance to infect the healthy lung tissue. It is also found that dysbiosis in gut microbiota, which directly affects the lung, plays a key role in giving TB a chance to hold its ground. It also highlights the new curative method which we can apply by correcting the gut microbial profile, which in turn corrects the lung microbial profile and rest of the function will done by body�s own immune system. It is thus found that proper restoration of the microbial profile enhances the immune response and could restore the homeostasis. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.