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Subject: search.filters.subject.Rheumatoid arthritis

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    Exploring the role of exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-11-22T00:00:00) Singh, Anuja; Behl, Tapan; Sehgal, Aayush; Singh, Sukhbir; Sharma, Neelam; Naqwi, Maaz; Mavi, Anil; Singh, Randhir
    In prosperous countries, autoimmune illnesses affect minimum 7% of the community. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) as an autoimmune illness is thought to be induced through a variety of genomic, physiological, and biological factors. Many experts in the field of nanomedicine have looked to stem cells as a viable strategy to repair human tissue; however, exosomes have demonstrated greater potential in recent years. Exosomes, produced from stem cells in particular, have exhibited a high propensity to give therapeutic effects. To resist local cellular stress, they are secreted in a paracrine manner from cells. As a result, exosomes produced from stem cells can provide enormous health uses. If treatment is not given, autoantibodies produce synovial inflammation and arthritis, which can lead to chronic inflammation, and impairment. Exosomes could be administered for the treatment of RA, by acting as therapeutic vectors. Exosomes are murine extracellular vesicles that influence biological mechanisms and signal transduction by transporting genetic and protein components. Diseases like RA and bone fractures could be treated using cell-free therapeutic strategies if exosomes could be isolated from stem cells efficiently and packaged with specific restorative substances. To get to this position, many breakthroughs must be achieved, and the following review summarises the most recent developments in stem cell-derived exosomes, with a focus on the important literature on exosome dynamics in RA. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Progression of pre-rheumatoid arthritis to clinical disease of joints: Potential role of mesenchymal stem cells
    (Elsevier Inc., 2023-03-28T00:00:00) Sardana, Yogesh; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Singh, Charan; Sharma, Pushpender Kumar; Reddy, P. Hemachandra; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh
    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) related autoimmunity is developed at mucosal sites due to the interplay between genetic risk factors and environmental triggers. The pre-RA phase that leads to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and other autoantibodies spread in the systemic circulation may not affect articular tissue for years until a mysterious second hit triggers the localization of RA-related autoimmunity in joints. Several players in the joint microenvironment mediate the synovial innate and adaptive immunological processes, eventually leading to clinical synovitis. There still exists a gap in the early phase of RA pathogenesis, i.e., the progression of diseases from the systemic circulation to joints. The lack of better understanding of these events results in the inability to answer questions about why only after a certain point of time the disease appears in joints and why in some cases, it simply remains latent and doesn't affect joints at all. In the current review, we focused on the immunomodulatory and regenerative role of mesenchymal stem cells and associated exosomes in RA pathology. We also highlighted the age-related dysregulations in activities of mesenchymal stem cells and how that might trigger homing of systemic autoimmunity to joints. � 2023 Elsevier Inc.