Department Of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products

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    Exploring insights of hydroxychloroquine, a controversial drug in Covid-19: An update
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021-03-18T00:00:00) Joshi, Gaurav; Thakur, Shikha; Mayank; Poduri, Ramarao
    The review summarizes chloroquine (CQ) and its safer derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its utility in Covid-19. Recently this well-established drug made its way back to the headlines during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This led to an upsurge in the scientific arena with multiple research and review articles along with expert opinions and commentaries. The HCQ has received mixed judgements so far about its efficacy to be used in Covid-19 patients in a limited trial conducted all across the Globe. The purpose of our article is to put forth the history, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics, along with the existing studies favouring and disapproving the role of HCQ in the treatment of Covid-19. We grouped HCQ use at three stages, this includes HCQ for i. prophylactic use by asymptomatic health workers or peoples at higher risk; ii. patients having mild symptoms; iii. patients with extreme symptoms. The review critically discusses the underlying plausible reasons and mechanisms exploring HCQ in prophylactic management or treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we have critically analysed the reported pharmacokinetic parameters and compiled the proponent, opponent, or neutral opinions on the use of HCQ in Covid-19. Authors discretion is to conduct more studies considering the optimal dosing regimen and pharmacokinetics assessment. � 2021 Elsevier Ltd
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    The Concept of Receptor and Molecule Interaction in Drug Discovery and Development
    (Springer Singapore, 2021-02-18T00:00:00) Poduri, Ramarao; Jagadeesh, Gowraganahalli
    The mechanisms by which drugs act are different and unique to each class as they involve interactions with pharmacological receptors, enzymes, ion channels, and cellular transport processes. Hormones, neurotransmitters, and autocoids are natural chemical messengers that have a role in physiological and pathological regulatory processes. The interpretation of their action is determined by the localization and functional capacity of the specific receptor with which the �first messenger� interacts and the concentration of the chemical to which the receptor is exposed. This chapter focuses on physiological receptors where many of the drugs act in a manner similar to endogenous agonists or interfere with their interaction at the target to alleviate the symptoms of a disease. While doing so, many of these molecules have shown selectivity for receptor subtypes and signaling pathways. This is based on pharmacological scales such as affinity and intrinsic efficacy, and methods to quantify them are described within a theoretical concept. Based on these two drug properties, the overt action of a drug may be agonism or antagonism. Added to this gallery are allosteric modulators (positive or negative), partial agonists, inverse agonists, and biased agonists and antagonists. These are discussed with examples. Such new drug development is believed to improve the treatment of diseases with fewer adverse effects as a drug�s therapeutic and adverse effects are mediated by distinct pathways. In this chapter, we have extended the classical concept of the initiation of a pharmacological response with the binding of a drug to a receptor to the complexity of selectivity for receptor subtypes and signaling pathways. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.