School Of Social Sciences

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    Exploring state interventions in entrepreneurship development in India: Evidence from Jammu and Kashmir
    (Inderscience Publishers, 2021-02-25T00:00:00) Paray, Zahoor Ahmad; Singla, Naresh
    The Indian Government has been promoting entrepreneurship vehemently from last three decades, institutions were established and programs were launched. Jammu and Kashmir Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (JKEDI) as part of this series of institutions has been working comprehensively in making entrepreneurship a common phenomenon among the masses. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of entrepreneurial initiatives by the state government with the support of JKEDI towards the creation of new enterprises in Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir in India. Primary data has been collected with a structured schedule from 100 new JKEDI sponsored entrepreneurs from the district. Both qualitative and quantitative information was collected and analysed with simple statistical tools and analysis of the interview. The findings show that there is a positive impact of training, financial support and consultation for the overall development of entrepreneurship in both urban and rural areas of the district in particular and state as a whole. � 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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    Human resource development, structural transformation, employment generation and innovation: India, China, Japan and South Korea, 1990-2016
    (Asociacion Euro-Americana de Estudios del Desarrollo, 2019) Bhat, G.F; Kaur, S.
    The speed at which the economy transforms is the crucial factor that determines the convergence or divergence of any country. In this connection, the present study aims to highlight the role of human development, productivity through innovation and structural transformation among the successful East Asian nations of China, Japan, South Korea and the Indian case for that of development. It is the vast gaps in productivity between the traditional agriculture sector and modern manufacturing sector responsible for the creating gaps among the successful East Asian nations and developing India. Such gaps may be minimized only through the investment in Human development, innovation, and technology. Increase in labor productivity will create jobs in the manufacturing sector, allow an increase in real labour incomes which is necessary for the poverty reduction and human development and crucial way of enhancing the standard of living as well. Furthermore, to improve the high tech exports, it is imperative to invest in skill development, technological advancement as done so far by the mentioned East Asian nations and is the sure way of enhancing productivity. India needs to foster its productivity measures for desirable structural change to create jobs through experimental and pragmatic policies as also claimed by Professor Dani Rodrik. The employment-oriented growth strategy is essential for harnessing the potential of demographic dividend in the growing working-age population of China and India. Furthermore creating jobs in small industries for which two-thirds of total employment in the Asia Pacific is vital for the inclusive growth especially in India.
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    Cross Loc trade facilitation: A Case study of two TFCs
    (Central University of Punjab, 2015) Dar, Zahid Ul Islam; Kaur, Sandeep
    Structural transformation is a process by which the relative importance of different sectors and activities of an economy changes over time. The Kerala economy is also undergoing the transformation from traditional backward agrarian economy to a modern service sector led economy. The significance of the present study lies in the fact that the whole process of structural transformation of the Kerala economy has not so far been addressed in a detailed and comprehensive manner in the earlier studies. No specific attempt has been made to relate the pattern of agricultural development with the structural transformations in the Kerala economy. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the structural changes and growth performance and pattern of agricultural development in Kerala economy. The study mainly covers a period of 1980-81 to 2010-11. The study has found that the share of primary sector in GSDP has declined sharply, but the corresponding decline in employment share has not taken place. Moreover, the excess labour force has moved from primary sector to secondary sector, thus causing abundance in secondary sector and there was only a meager increase in share of income from ii secondary sector in GSDP. The share of income from services sector in GSDP has increased sharply, but it failed to register a sharp increase in employment. Thus, it follows that Kerala did not experience a sequential growth process (as propounded by structural change growth theories) as the service sector led growth did not provide employment matching with its income and the process of industrialization failed to take off as share of income from secondary sector did not commensurate with the level of employment in the sector. The changes in land use pattern in Kerala were unprecedented during the past decades in terms of deforestation, increase in area as current fallow, increase in area under non-agricultural land, decrease in both net area sown and gross cropped area resulting in decline in cropping intensity. Irrigation intensity of only 20 per cent points that about 80 per cent of the cropped area is rain-fed. Kerala witnessed shift in the copping pattern in favour of non-food crops at the expense of food crops as crops such as pulses, rice, tapioca, cashewnut, ginger were replaced by commercial cash crops like rubber and coconut. The declining cultivable area, predominance of tiny and fragmented holdings, decline in work force in terms of reduction in agricultural labour and cultivator has made farming more vulnerable. Finally, the study has suggested some policy suggestions such as training to labour moved to secondary sector, keeping a check on the area under food crops, bringing more area under assured irrigation, strict law enforcing mechanism to avoid unnecessary conversion of agricultural land to non-farming activities, creation of "Labour Banks" to revive agricultural economy of the Kerala.