School Of Social Sciences

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Urbanization

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    Growing urbanization and economic development in india: The role of middle class
    (Central University of Punjab, 2013) Jindal, Neha; Singla, Naresh
    In the present study entitled "Growing Urbanization and Economic Development in India: The Role of Middle Class", examined that the growing urbanization leads to economic development by creating new rising middle class. The assessment is based mainly on secondary data which is analyzed using correlation, multiple regression analysis by testing of improvement of fit, path analysis and simple averages. The determinants of the size and growth of the middle class and role of middle class in economic development are also examined in this study. Size of middle class is associated with growing urbanization, higher school enrollment, higher share of service and industrial sector in GDP than agriculture sector and lower fertility. Using the definition of middle class given by NCAER and data on various determinants of middle class spanning the period 1990-2010, the multiple regression analysis by testing the improvement of fit, has been carried out to know the significant variables. And find that a larger middle class influenced through the growing urbanization and tertiary school enrollment. It was also found out that middle plays a positive role in economic development by regressing the size of middle class on HDI, GDP per capita and gross capital formation (parameters of ii economic development). The estimates show the positive and significant relation between them. Further through path analysis technique the significance of direct and indirect paths between various variables is analyzed. A casual model is proposed showing that the growing urbanization and tertiary school enrollment leads to rising new middle class and further the higher size of middle class leads to effect positively the HDI, GDP per capita, gross capital formation. The model coming out to be over identified and the estimates revealed that variables in the model are significant and the R2 in every path is high. Showing that each variable in the model has its own significant importance important. But the overall model is coming out to be bad fit. This is the limitation of the study and may be due to less number of observation and paths taken in the model.
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    Urbanization and Healthcare Services in Punjab: Role of Private Sector
    (Asian Journals of Advance Studies, 2017) Mishra, P. K.
    In recent years, the world is becoming increasingly urban with about fifty five percent of its population living in urban areas. This urbanization is a sign of good job opportunities, better education and health facilities, better housing and sanitation, and improved standards of living. However, urbanization brings with it socio-economic and environmental problems which ultimately lead to health hazards. And, the demand for healthcare services rise. But thehttp://14.139.13.144/handle/32116/468 issue is that the public sector healthcare system becomes inadequate to meet the growing healthcare needs in urban areas mainly due to low level of government outlays for the health sector. As a consequence, the private healthcare sector emerges. The extant literature reveals a correlation between urbanization and the growth of the formal private healthcare sector. However, the role played by the private healthcare sector in urban areas is limited to certain sections of the society mainly because of higher medical costs. In this context, this paper examines the role of private sector in the face of growing urbanization in the Punjab state of India. It is concluded that the private sector fails to address the issues of equity in healthcare services. Therefore, public-private partnership is suggested as the alternative option for attaining equity in health.