Department Of Physics
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Item Electrolyte for Energy Storage/Conversion (Li+, Na+, Mg2+) Devices Based on PVC and Their Associated Polymer: A Comprehensive Review(Springer, 2019) Arya, Anil; Sharma, Achchhe LalEncouraged by the first report of ionic conductivity in 1973 and the consequent boom for the need of clean and green renewable energy resources, there has been a marked increase toward R&D of polymer electrolytes cum separator for energy storage devices. The most suitable alternative to the conventional energy storage devices is battery and it has the potential to fulfill the energy demand and could be used for storing energy produced from different alternative resources, i.e., wind/hydro/solar energy. Electrolyte is a key component of battery that plays a crucial role in its overall performance. The draft of the article is an attempt to present a coherent yet concise review of Li, Na, and Mg batteries using polymer electrolytes. The main topics given focus in this review are an introduction to properties shaping the polymer electrolytes, types of polymer electrolytes, and properties of constituents of polymer electrolytes (polymer host, salt, solvent, ionic liquid, plasticizer, nanofiller, nanoclay, nanorod, nanowire). The approaches to enhance the electrochemical properties are presented with a suitable ion transport mechanism. A special section is introduced to cover dendrite growth and strategies to suppress it. Important preparation methods and characterization techniques are introduced. The synopses of the experimental investigations are presented for ionic liquid/gel/composite polymer electrolytes. Finally, the future outlook highlights the further development for the next-generation energy storage devices.Item Optimization of salt concentration and explanation of two peak percolation in blend solid polymer nanocomposite films(Springer New York LLC, 2018) Arya, A.; Sharma, A.L.The present paper is focused toward the preparation of the flexible and free-standing blend solid polymer electrolyte films based on PEO-PVP complexed with NaPF6 by the solution cast technique. The structural/morphological features of the synthesized polymer nanocomposite films have been investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscope, and Atomic force microscopy techniques. The film PEO-PVP + NaPF6 ((Formula presented.)8) exhibits highest ionic conductivity ~ 5.92 ? 10?6 S cm?1 at 40 ?C and ~ 2.46 ? 10?4 S cm?1 at 100 ?C. The temperature-dependent conductivity shows an Arrhenius type behavior and activation energy decreases with the addition of salt. The high temperature (100 ?C) conductivity monitoring is done for the optimized PEO-PVP + NaPF6 ((Formula presented.)8) highly conductive system and the conductivity is still maintained stable up to 160 h (approx. 7 days). The thermal transitions parameters were measured by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The prepared polymer electrolyte film displays the smoother surface on addition of salt and a thermal stability up to 300 ?C. The ion transference number (tion) for the highest conducting sample is found to be 0.997 and evidence that the present system is ion dominating with negligible electron contribution. Both linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry supports the use of prepared polymer electrolyte with long-term cycle stability and thermal stability for the solid-state sodium ion batteries. Finally, a two peak percolation mechanism has been proposed on the basis of experimental findings. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] ? 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer NatureItem Insights into the use of polyethylene oxide in energy storage/conversion devices: A critical review(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2017) Arya, A.; Sharma, A.L.In this review, the latest updates in poly (ethylene oxide) based electrolytes are summarized. The ultimate goal of researchers globally is towards the development of free-standing solid polymeric separators for energy storage devices. This single free-standing solid polymeric separator may replace the liquid and separator (organic/inorganic) used in existing efficient/smart energy technology. As an example, polyethylene oxide (PEO) consists of an electron donor-rich group which provides coordinating sites to the cation for migration. Owing to this exclusive structure, PEO exhibits some remarkable properties, such as a low glass transition temperature, excellent flexibility, and the ability to make complexation with various metal salts which are unattainable by another polymer host. Hence, the PEO is an emerging candidate that has been most examined or is currently under consideration for application in energy storage devices. This review article first provides a detailed study of the PEO properties, characteristics of the constituents of the polymer electrolyte, and suitable approaches for the modification of polymer electrolytes. Then, the synthesization and characterizations techniques are outlined. The structures, characteristics, and performance during charge-discharge of four types of electrolyte/separators (liquid, plasticized, and dispersed and intercalated electrolyte) are highlighted. The suitable ion transport mechanism proposed by researchers in different renowned groups have been discussed for the better understanding of the ion dynamics in such systems. ? 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries: a critical study(Institute for Ionics, 2017) Arya, A.; Sharma, A. L.Polymer electrolytes (PEs) are an essential component being used in most energy storage/conversion devices. The present review article on a brief history, advantage, and their brief application of polymer electrolyte systems. It consists of a glimpse on liquid, gel, and solid polymer electrolyte and a contrast comparison concerning benefits/disadvantages among the three. The article started with a brief introduction of polymer electrolytes followed by their varieties and extreme uses. The role of host polymer matrix by taking numerous examples of polymer electrolyte published by the different renowned group of the concerned field has been explored. The criteria for selection of appropriate host polymer, salt, inorganic filler/clay, and aprotic solvents to be used in polymer electrolyte have been discussed in detail. The mostly used polymer, salt, solvents, and inorganic filler/clay list has been prepared in order to keep the data bank at one place for new researchers. This article comprises different methodologies for the preparation of polymer electrolyte films. The different self-proposed mechanisms (like VTF, WLF, free volume theory, dispersed/intercalated mechanisms, etc.) have been discussed in order to explain the lithium ion conduction in polymer electrolyte systems. A numerous characterization techniques and their resulting analysis have been summarized from the different published reports at one place for better awareness of the scientific community/reader of the area. ? 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.