Department Of Zoology
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Item Connecting the Link between Oxidative Stress, Dietary Antioxidants and Hypertension(CRC Press, 2023-06-12T00:00:00) Kaur, Sukhchain; Midha, Tushar; Dutta, Oyndril; Saini, Om Prakash; Muduli, Rasmi Ranjan; Mantha, Anil K.; Dhiman, MonishaCardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, etc. accounts for millions of deaths per year and among these, hypertension (i.e. increased blood pressure) acts as a silent killer and is responsible for 7.5 billion deaths worldwide. Previously, abnormal functioning of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) was considered as a risk factor for hypertension but in recent times, oxidative stress is a key factor in exaggerating the disease progression. In hypertension, oxidative stress damages the biomolecules, decreases the NO availability and endothelial functioning. The use of external antioxidants as therapeutic agents is an excellent approach in the treatment of hypertension. These antioxidants can reverse the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and recover normal cellular homeostasis. The book chapter is focused on the various natural antioxidants and their role as anti-hypertensive agents. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Victor R. Preedy, Vinood B. Patel, and Rajkumar Rajendram.Item Bioremediation: A favorable perspective to eliminate heavy metals from polluted soil(Elsevier, 2022-09-30T00:00:00) Kaur, Sukhchain; Midha, Tushar; Verma, Harkomal; Muduli, Rasmi Ranjan; Dutta, Oyindril; Saini, Omprakash; Prakash, Richa; Sharma, Sandeep; Mantha, Anil K.; Dhiman, MonishaThe heavy metal contamination in the environment causes serious risk and long-term lethal effects to all living organisms due to their ability to show toxicity at low concentrations. The bio-magnification of heavy metals in the food chain is a matter of concern for public health. The persistent exposure to heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and uranium (U) cause several pathologic conditions in humans by interfering with normal cellular processes. Due to the non-biodegradable nature of these pollutants, they get accumulated for a long time in the soil. The removal of these pollutants by conventional methods is not satisfactory due to the high cost and generation of huge quantities of waste products. Hence, the use of micro-organisms is the most successful approach to remediate heavy metals from the environment due to their efficacy and financial viability. Numerous microorganisms have been employed to diminish the toxic effects of heavy metals. The combination of microorganisms and plants as a bioremediation strategy is another efficient method for heavy metal bioremediation. The chapter will summarize the heavy metal exploitation with a focus on Cd, As, Pb, and Chromium (Cr). It will also describe the various bioremediation techniques which are being used in the removal of these heavy metals from soil. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Herbal Remedies for Improving Cancer Treatment Through Modulation of Redox Balance(Springer Singapore, 2022-09-28T00:00:00) Kaur, Sukhchain; Verma, Harkomal; Kaur, Sharanjot; Singh, Subham; Mantha, Anil K.; Dhiman, MonishaThe redox modulation induced by oxidative stress is one of the major cause of the metabolic and inflammatory disorders including cancer. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by various sources in the cell shift the redox homeostasis of cells towards more oxidizing or acidic environment. This shift results in the alterations of normal physiologic functioning of biomolecules as well as causes damage to these biomolecules (proteins, lipids, and DNA/RNA). The excessive ROS and redox modulation are the key factors that support growth, progression, and survival of cancer cells. ROS-induced redox modulation further activates pro-tumorigenic cellular pathways for e.g., PI3K/AKT, HIF-1, and MAPK signaling pathways as well as hinders epigenetic signaling. Increasing evidences demonstrate that long-term side effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy are major concern of medical sciences although modern treatments are quite effective. The combination of various herbal formulations with anti-cancer therapy shows improvement in treatment effectiveness in cancer patients. Bioactive compounds present in herbal formulations possess antioxidant and anti-cancer properties that help in the regulation of redox status of cancer cells. The synergetic effects of herbal remedies along with conventional treatment are proven as novel therapeutics in cancer progression management. Clinical studies have shown that broad range of herbs and bioactive compounds from various plants having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties can suppress the carcinogenesis. In this chapter we will discuss the role of various plants such as Glycyrrhiza glabra, Picrorhiza kurroa, Tinospora cordifolia, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Viola odorata, and bioactive compound ferulic acid found in various cereals. The chapter will also focus on various mechanisms involved in the modulation of chemo-toxicity and improvement of efficacy of conventional anti-cancer therapies by these plants. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.Item Methods to Detect Nitric Oxide and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Biological Sample(Humana Press Inc., 2022-01-19T00:00:00) Kaur, Sharanjot; Gupta, Kunj Bihari; Kumar, Sandeep; Upadhyay, Shishir; Mantha, Anil Kumar; Dhiman, MonishaOxidative stress has been implicated in various human diseases, including cancer, mainly through the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrite, nitroxyl, s-nitrosothiols, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as peroxides, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. NO being the main player among RNS induced altered cellular molecules and metabolisms, thus making it important to understand and detect the generation of NO in biological samples. There are many methods for direct and indirect detection of NO; out of these most commonly used are spectrophotometric-based Griess assay and fluorescence probe-based assays. In this chapter, we summarize these routinely used methods to detect NO and various challenges associated with these methods. � 2022, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Mitigation of Gliadin-Induced Inflammation and Cellular Damage by Curcumin in Human Intestinal Cell Lines(Springer, 2021-01-04T00:00:00) Gupta, Kunj Bihari; Mantha, Anil K.; Dhiman, MonishaWheat is a major diet from many years; apart from its nutritious value, the wheat protein gliadin is responsible for many inflammatory diseases like celiac disease (CD), and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). In this study, the gliadin-induced inflammation and associated cellular damage along with the protective role of curcumin was evaluated using human intestinal cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29) as a model. Cells were cultured and exposed to 160 ?g/ml of gliadin, 100 ?M H2O2, and 10 ?M curcumin (3 h pretreatment) followed by the assessment of inflammation. Spectrophotometric methods, real-time-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy techniques were used to assess inflammatory markers such as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) level, activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), cytokines, and cell damage markers. The results show that gliadin increases the AOPPs level and the activity of MPO and NOX expression. It enhances inflammation by increasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered expression of anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines. It exacerbates the cellular damage by increasing MMP-2 and 9 and decreasing integrin ? and ? expression. Gliadin promotes disease pathogenesis by inducing the inflammation and cellular damage which further alter the cellular homeostasis. The pretreatment of curcumin counteracts the adverse effect of gliadin and protect the cells via diminishing the inflammation and help the cell to regain the cellular morphology suggesting phytochemical-based remedial interventions against wheat allergies. � 2021, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item A short review: Doxorubicin and its effect on cardiac proteins(Wiley-Liss Inc., 2020-12-26T00:00:00) Upadhyay, Shishir; Gupta, Kunj Bihari; Mantha, Anil Kumar; Dhiman, MonishaDoxorubicin (DOX) is a boon for cancer-suffering patients. However, the undesirable effect�on health on vital organs, especially the heart, is a�limiting factor, resulting in an increased number of patients with cardiac dysfunction. The present review focuses on the contractile machinery and associated factors, which get affected due to DOX toxicity in chemo-patients for which they are kept under life-long investigation for cardiac function. DOX-induced oxidative stress disrupts the integrity of cardiac contractile muscle proteins that alter�the rhythmic mechanism and oxygen consumption rate of the heart. DOX is an oxidant and it is further discussed that oxidative stress prompts the damage of contractile components and associated factors, which include Ca2+ load through Ca2+ ATPase, SERCA, ryanodine receptor-2, phospholamban, and calsequestrin, which ultimately results in left ventricular ejection and dilation. Based on data and evidence, the associated proteins can be considered as clinical markers to develop medications for patients. Even with the advancement of various diagnosing tools and modified drugs to mitigate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, the risk could not be surmounted�with survivors of cancer. � 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLCItem Indian herbs and their therapeutic potential against Alzheimer’s disease: What makes them special? Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders.(2016) Kaur, Navrattan; Sarkar, Bibekananda; Gill, Iqbal; Kaur, S; Mittal, Sunil; Dhiman, Monisha; Padala, Prasad R; Perez-Polo ,Regino; Mantha, Anil K.