Department Of Zoology
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Item Connecting the Link between Oxidative Stress, Dietary Antioxidants and Hypertension(CRC Press, 2023-06-12T00:00:00) Kaur, Sukhchain; Midha, Tushar; Dutta, Oyndril; Saini, Om Prakash; Muduli, Rasmi Ranjan; Mantha, Anil K.; Dhiman, MonishaCardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, etc. accounts for millions of deaths per year and among these, hypertension (i.e. increased blood pressure) acts as a silent killer and is responsible for 7.5 billion deaths worldwide. Previously, abnormal functioning of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) was considered as a risk factor for hypertension but in recent times, oxidative stress is a key factor in exaggerating the disease progression. In hypertension, oxidative stress damages the biomolecules, decreases the NO availability and endothelial functioning. The use of external antioxidants as therapeutic agents is an excellent approach in the treatment of hypertension. These antioxidants can reverse the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and recover normal cellular homeostasis. The book chapter is focused on the various natural antioxidants and their role as anti-hypertensive agents. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Victor R. Preedy, Vinood B. Patel, and Rajkumar Rajendram.Item Bioremediation: A favorable perspective to eliminate heavy metals from polluted soil(Elsevier, 2022-09-30T00:00:00) Kaur, Sukhchain; Midha, Tushar; Verma, Harkomal; Muduli, Rasmi Ranjan; Dutta, Oyindril; Saini, Omprakash; Prakash, Richa; Sharma, Sandeep; Mantha, Anil K.; Dhiman, MonishaThe heavy metal contamination in the environment causes serious risk and long-term lethal effects to all living organisms due to their ability to show toxicity at low concentrations. The bio-magnification of heavy metals in the food chain is a matter of concern for public health. The persistent exposure to heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and uranium (U) cause several pathologic conditions in humans by interfering with normal cellular processes. Due to the non-biodegradable nature of these pollutants, they get accumulated for a long time in the soil. The removal of these pollutants by conventional methods is not satisfactory due to the high cost and generation of huge quantities of waste products. Hence, the use of micro-organisms is the most successful approach to remediate heavy metals from the environment due to their efficacy and financial viability. Numerous microorganisms have been employed to diminish the toxic effects of heavy metals. The combination of microorganisms and plants as a bioremediation strategy is another efficient method for heavy metal bioremediation. The chapter will summarize the heavy metal exploitation with a focus on Cd, As, Pb, and Chromium (Cr). It will also describe the various bioremediation techniques which are being used in the removal of these heavy metals from soil. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Herbal Remedies for Improving Cancer Treatment Through Modulation of Redox Balance(Springer Singapore, 2022-09-28T00:00:00) Kaur, Sukhchain; Verma, Harkomal; Kaur, Sharanjot; Singh, Subham; Mantha, Anil K.; Dhiman, MonishaThe redox modulation induced by oxidative stress is one of the major cause of the metabolic and inflammatory disorders including cancer. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by various sources in the cell shift the redox homeostasis of cells towards more oxidizing or acidic environment. This shift results in the alterations of normal physiologic functioning of biomolecules as well as causes damage to these biomolecules (proteins, lipids, and DNA/RNA). The excessive ROS and redox modulation are the key factors that support growth, progression, and survival of cancer cells. ROS-induced redox modulation further activates pro-tumorigenic cellular pathways for e.g., PI3K/AKT, HIF-1, and MAPK signaling pathways as well as hinders epigenetic signaling. Increasing evidences demonstrate that long-term side effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy are major concern of medical sciences although modern treatments are quite effective. The combination of various herbal formulations with anti-cancer therapy shows improvement in treatment effectiveness in cancer patients. Bioactive compounds present in herbal formulations possess antioxidant and anti-cancer properties that help in the regulation of redox status of cancer cells. The synergetic effects of herbal remedies along with conventional treatment are proven as novel therapeutics in cancer progression management. Clinical studies have shown that broad range of herbs and bioactive compounds from various plants having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties can suppress the carcinogenesis. In this chapter we will discuss the role of various plants such as Glycyrrhiza glabra, Picrorhiza kurroa, Tinospora cordifolia, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Viola odorata, and bioactive compound ferulic acid found in various cereals. The chapter will also focus on various mechanisms involved in the modulation of chemo-toxicity and improvement of efficacy of conventional anti-cancer therapies by these plants. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.Item Indian Herbs and their Therapeutic Potential against Alzheimer’s Disease and other Neurological Disorders(Wiley, 2017) Kaur, Navrattan; Sarkar, Bibekananda; Gill, Iqbal; Kaur, Sukhchain; Mittal, Sunil; Dhiman, Monisha; Padala, Prasad R.; Perez-Polo, Regino; Mantha, Anil K.Many present-day diseases are caused by disruption of the delicate balance between the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) produced by oxidants and their scavenging by the antioxidants in the body. Chief among them is Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disease caused by the accumulation in the brain of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and of neurofibrillary tangles made up of the protein tau. Various theories for the pathogenesis of AD have been given, but no precise mechanism of its pathogenesis has been elucidated to date. A number of scientists are currently focusing on developing therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of AD. Natural plant-based products, which have been known traditionally in the treatment of brain disorders, could be a great help. Traditional herbal formulations developed for brain disorders are known as “Medhya drugs” in the Indian system of medicine called “Ayurveda” – a disease-preventive and health-promotive approach dating back to 5000 BC. This review focuses on the traditional use of some common Indian herbs in relation to AD, alongside recent advances in our understanding of their modes of action.Item Phytochemical Ginkgolide B Attenuates Amyloid- 1 - 42 Induced Oxidative Damage and Altered Cellular Responses in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells(IOS Press, 2017) Gill, Iqbal; Kaur, Sukhchain; Kaur, Navrattan; Dhiman, Monisha; Mantha, Anil K.Oxidative stress is an upsurge in reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which aggravates damage to cellular components viz. lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids resulting in impaired cellular functions and neurological pathologies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we have examined amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress responses, a major cause for AD, in the undifferentiated and differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Aβ1-42-induced oxidative damage was evaluated on lipids by lipid peroxidation; proteins by protein carbonyls; antioxidant status by SOD and GSH enzyme activities; and DNA and RNA damage levels by evaluating the number of AP sites and 8-OHG base damages produced. In addition, the neuro-protective role of the phytochemical ginkgolide B (GB) in countering Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress was assessed. We report that the differentiated cells are highly vulnerable to Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress events as exerted by the deposition of Aβ in AD. Results of the current study suggest that the pre-treatment of GB, followed by Aβ1-42 treatment for 24 h, displayed neuro-protective potential, which countered Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress responses in both undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells by: 1) hampering production of ROS and RNS; 2) reducing lipid peroxidation; 3) decreasing protein carbonyl content; 4) restoring antioxidant activities of SOD and GSH enzymes; and 5) maintaining genome integrity by reducing the oxidative DNA and RNA base damages. In conclusion, Aβ1-42 induces oxidative damage to the cellular biomolecules, which are associated with AD pathology, and are protected by the pre-treatment of GB against Aβ-toxicity. Taken together, this study advocates for phytochemical-based therapeutic interventions against AD.