Department Of Environmental Science And Technology
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Item Proximate technical and economic aspects and life cycle analysis of biodiesel production in India: An overview(Springer International Publishing, 2017) Prasad, S.; Sheetal, K.R.; Chandel, A.K.; Dhanya, M.S.One of the key challenges confronting the developing world is how to meet its growing energy demands and sustain economic growth without contributing to climate change and pollution. The Government of India has undertaken several policy measures to augment production and use of biodiesel during the past one decade at the national level. The government expects biodiesel will be eco-friendlier than petro-based diesel by reducing negative effects and can lead to sustainable development. Increased use of biodiesel is a significant part of the global strategy for climate change mitigation and air quality improvement. Since biodiesel is prepared entirely from biomass, it does not contain any sulfur, and having oxygen content in it improves the combustion efficiency of ignition engines and lowers the emissions. The new alternative feedstock and improved process technologies may provide a solution for the existing challenges of biodiesel production with sustainable impact in next decade in Indian perspective. The life cycle studies have also shown positive energy balance and GHG emissions for biodiesel compared to fossil diesel. The development of a domestic biodiesel, marketing, and its use is also expected to improve lives of the common people by generating more rural employment opportunities and reduce the reliance on petroleum fuels for transportation in a developing country like India. ? Springer International Publishing AG 2017.Item Biogas technology for developing countries: An approach to sustainable development(Taylor and Francis, 2013) Dhanya, M.S.; Prasad, S.; Singh, A.Non-conventional, easily available energy sources like waste from animals and agricultural residues has attracted the attention of developing and underdeveloped countries due to the energy crisis, which prompted a steep rise in fuel prices. The current disposal practices for agricultural residues have caused widespread environmental concern as they represent hindrance to sustainable development in rural areas as well as to national economies (Sheehan, 2009). Environmental contamination has also necessitated identification of environmentally sound and economically feasible technologies for waste management (Prasad et al., 2007a,b). Anaerobic digestion is a versatile, effective and established method that is being used world-wide for the digestion of different organic wastes and the production of energy in the form of biogas (Verstraete et al., 2005). Organic waste materials of agricultural, industrial and municipal origin can be converted anaerobically into biogas by the action of rumen-derived microorganisms. This technology has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, because methane as a main constituent of biogas would otherwise be released into the atmosphere, provoking a greenhouse effect that is 21-fold that of the same volume of carbon dioxide. Apart from this, biogas being a cost-effective and environmentally sound energy source helps in improvement of livelihood and promotes sanitation and a healthier household environment in rural areas. Biogas technology also improves rural livelihoods as it is a cleaner fuel than traditional fuels like wood and fossil fuel and can be used for cooking, lighting and heating.