Department Of Environmental Science And Technology
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Item Cellulase Production by Pseudomonas fluorescens from Hexane Pretreated Waste Papers(World Research Association, 2023-01-20T00:00:00) Sneh, Lata; Dhanya, M.S.The organic content in most of the municipal solid wastes primarily consists of post-consumer waste papers which are rich source of carbohydrates. The present study has focused on investigation of cellulase production by Pseudomonas fluorescens from different types of waste papers namely waste office paper (WOP), waste cardboard (WCB), waste newspaper (WNP) and waste tea cup (WTC) after pre-treatment with n-hexane. The waste papers at a solid loading of 5% (w/v) produced glucose in the range of 5.24 g/L (WTC) to 6.43 g/L (WOP) from n-hexane pre-treatment at 80oC for 30 minutes. The structural changes of pre-treated waste papers were studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope. Pseudomonas fluorescens (10% v/w) inoculated to pre-treated waste papers with 70% moisture content was able to produce maximum cellulase at 15 days of incubation with 5.10 CMCase/mL from WOP followed by cardboard and newspaper with similar production of 4.03 CMCase/mL and WTC with production of 3.82 CMCase/mL. � 2023 World Research Association. All rights reserved.Item Chlorpyrifos degrading potential of a Bacterial isolate from Thermal Power Plant Soil(World Research Association, 2023-01-27T00:00:00) Dubey, Sheetal; Dhanya, M.S.The pesticides had a significant role in crop protection and in agricultural production. The organophosphate pesticides are used against many crop pests. But the injudicious application results in residues of organophosphate pesticides in soil routed to food chain by different means and affect the human health. There is a great need for remediation of the toxic residues from the environment. The microbial bioremediation is a safe and eco-friendly technique for pesticide removal. The present study focused on the degradation ability of a bacterium previously isolated from the soil contaminated with fly ash from coal based thermal power plant. The 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the bacterium as Lysinibacillus fusiformis. The chlorpyrifos utilization capability of the isolated bacterium was studied in mineral salt medium supplemented with 50 mg L-1 chlorpyrifos as sole carbon source at 30oC and 120 rpm for 15 days. The bacterium was able to grow in the medium with the production of alkaline phosphatase and reduction in pH of the growth media. The bacterium degraded 16.54 percent of chlorpyrifos in 15 days. The chlorpyrifos utilization for bacterial biomass production confirmed the in situ biodegradation ability of the bacterium. � 2023 World Research Association. All rights reserved.Item Coral reef biodiversity-threats and management(CRC Press, 2022-12-04T00:00:00) Dhanya, M.S.; Jignesh, M.E.[No abstract available]Item Effect of Temperature on Dilute Acid Pre-treatment of Waste Cotton Fabrics for Glucose Recovery(World Research Association, 2022-11-29T00:00:00) Gursharan, Kaur; Dhanya, M.S.The present study explores the possibility of using waste cotton fabrics (WCF) as a potential feedstock for the production of glucose by dilute acid pre-treatment and evaluation of the effect of temperature on glucose recovery. The WCF at 1% (w/v) solid loading was pretreated with five different concentrations of dilute sulfuric acid from 1 to 5% (v/v) at 100�C for 30 and 60 minutes. The glucose production from WCF increased with the increase in temperature, time and concentrations of dilute sulphuric acid pre-treatment. The rate of increase in cellulose hydrolysis of WCF with the temperature over time was higher for pretreatment with concentrations of 1-3% dilute sulfuric acid than 4 and 5%. The temperature of 100�C improved recovery rate of glucose from 60 min hydrolysis of WCF with 1,2,3,4 and 5% dilute acid concentrations by 2.93 folds, 2.21 folds, 1.63 folds, 1.91 folds and 1.73 folds respectively. The structural changes of WCF by dilute acid pre-treatments were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. � 2022 World Research Association. All rights reserved.Item Effect of Used Engine Oil and UV-Thermal Pretreatments on Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene by Lysinibacillus fusiformis TPB(National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2022-08-31T00:00:00) Kalia, Arun; Dhanya, M.S.The present study focused on the impact of Used Engine Oil (UEO) and abiotic pretreatments by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thermal treatment at 70�C for 144 h on the potential of Lysinibacillus fusiformis TPB isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil for the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in mineral salt medium at 30�C and 150 rpm for 30 days. The isolated L. fusiformis TPB degraded 9.51% of LPDE films without any treatment and used as the sole carbon source for biomass production. The supplementation of used engine oil (0.5% v/v) enhanced biodegradation of untreated LDPE films to 11.96% comparable to a non-ionic surfactant Tween 80. The abiotic pretreatments had also facilitated metabolism of LDPE by L. fusiformis TPB. The biodegradation of UV treated LDPE by L. fusiformis TPB was 13.78% and was significantly higher than thermally treated LDPE with 12.89% biodegradation. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum revealed structural and morphological changes in the LDPE films by abiotic pretreatments and were associated with addition of carbonyl groups and change in double bond index. The Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis of LDPE films from UEO and UV-thermal pretreated LDPE supplemented mineral salt media confirmed the improved bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. The isolated L. fusiformis TPB had LDPE degradation potential and biodegradation had improved by UEO supplementation and UV-thermal pretreatments. � 2022 Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.Item Evaluation of Biodegradation Efficiency of Xylene Pretreated Polyethylene Wastes by Isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis(Technoscience Publications, 2022-09-04T00:00:00) Kalia, Arun; Dhanya, M.S.The ability of the bacterial degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste by Lysinibacillus fusiformis isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was investigated in the present study. The potential of the bacterial isolate to utilize LDPE waste bags of two different thicknesses in a month as a sole carbon source in mineral salt media was assessed. Further, the effect of pretreatment by xylene on the bacterial degradation of LDPE waste bags (0.5 percent w/v) in 30 days was investigated. The isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis was able to degrade 9.51 percent of LDPE with 30 ?m thickness but able to degrade only 1.45 percent of LDPE having 50 ?m thickness. The bacterial biomass was 1.77 times higher on LDPE- 30 ?m containing media in comparison to LDPE- 50 ?m. The xylene pretreatment of LDPE wastes enhanced the biodegradation efficiency of isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis to 12.09 and 1.97 percent respectively in 30 ?m and 50 ?m thick LDPE bags. The xylene pre-treatment improved the bacterial growth on media with LDPE of both thicknesses. The adherence of bacterium on the surface of LDPE was found more on 50 ?m thick xylene treated LDPE compared to its untreated LDPE than 30 ?m thick LDPE films. The xylene pre-treatment of polyethylene waste had an additive effect on the biodegradation of waste LDPE films with a significant effect on thickness. � 2022 Technoscience Publications. All rights reserved.Item Chlorpyrifos Degradation in Semi-Arid Soil by Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CD5 Isolated from Manured Soil(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022-07-19T00:00:00) Dubey, S.; Dhanya, M.S.The present paper focused on investigating the potential of indigenous Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CD5 isolated from manure-enriched soil as a bioremediation agent for chlorpyrifos biodegradation in semi-arid soil of Bathinda district of Punjab, India. The soil had sandy loam texture with slightly alkaline pH and low organic matter content of 0.36%. The growth pattern, alkaline phosphatase enzyme production and chlorpyrifos utilization capability of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CD5 were screened in mineral salt medium and the results revealed degradation of 78.19% of 500 mg L?1 chlorpyrifos within 15�days. The pattern of chlorpyrifos degradation was further studied in natural conditions of semi-arid soil by the Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CD5 and photolysis by sunlight for a period of 105�days. The biodegradation of chlorpyrifos at 500 mg kg?1 sterile soil by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CD5 was 59.68% in comparison to 26% of photodegradation and enhancing total degradation. The residual chlorpyrifos in sterile soil after biodegradation by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CD5 under natural light condition was 14.33%. The alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in soil was found positively correlated with the chlorpyrifos degradation. The Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CD5 can be an effective candidate for the bioremediation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil. � 2022 Taylor & Francis.Item Biogas Technology for Improving Livelihoods and Agricultural Sustainability(CRC Press, 2022-03-26T00:00:00) Prasad, Shiv; Singh, Anoop; Dhanya, M.S.; Rathore, Dheeraj; Rakshit, AmitavaBiogas is a significant source of energy worldwide. It is renewable, widely produced from organic waste materials, and can significantly improve agricultural sustainability and livelihood in rural areas. Biogas is also known as gobar gas in India. It can be efficiently used for cooking, lighting, and heating. In India, around 32% of the country's primary energy need, still fulfilled by bio-resources use, and about 70% of people depend on it. In the Indian context, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has realized the potential of bio-waste to produce biogas energy and its role in improving livelihoods and agricultural sustainability. The Indian government has initiated several programs to promote effective technology to use various biomass and other bio-waste resources for biogas production and its use in multiple sectors of the economy, including sustainable alternatives toward affordable transportation (SATAT) initiatives. For efficient utilization of biogas, the Indian government plans to provide expedited financial assistance to develop compressed natural biogas (CBG) plants under various priority sectors lending to new projects, especially for micro, small, and medium enterprises. India's biogas-to-electricity project is also implemented to provide electricity in remote areas by reaching off-grid power generation. Worldwide biogas is promoted to improve the green energy mix, decrease imports, and minimize pollution with many other environmental benefits. � 2022 selection and editorial matter, Amitava Rakshit, Somsubhra Chakraborty, Manoj Parihar, Vijay Singh Meena, P.K. Mishra, H.B. Singh; individual chapters, the contributors.Item Perspectives of Agro-Waste Biorefineries for Sustainable Biofuels(Springer Nature, 2022-01-12T00:00:00) Dhanya, M.S.The agriculture plays a significant role in a nation�s economy and efforts to feed one and all of the global population. The harvesting and processing of crops generate agro-wastes. The proper management and discard of agricultural residues and agro-industrial wastes is of concern due to environmental problems like emission of greenhouse gases, air pollution and organic waste accumulation. The agro-wastes are abundant and cheap feedstocks for second generation lignocellulosic biorefinery that overcome the criticisms and short comings faced by biorefinery based on food crops. The huge prospects are present in conversion and recovery of eco-friendly products from agro-wastes by safeguarding pressure on arable land, savings on fossil fuel consumption and also leading to global food security. The biorefineries based on agro-wastes are well studied for residues like straw from rice, maize, wheat, maize cobs and agro- processing wastes such as rice husks, vegetable and fruit peels, sugarcane bagasse and oil cakes. These resources are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and other biocompounds. The carbohydrates are recovered from agro-wastes by pre-treatment methods and helps in production of the bioethanol and biobutanol by fermentation. The lipid content in agro-wastes is used for biodiesel production by transesterification. The bio-oils and syngas from the agricultural residues are produced by thermochemical treatments namely pyrolysis and gasification respectively. The biohydrogen and methane are produced from agro-wastes by anaerobic digestion are also products of biorefinery. The valorization of agro-wastes produce volatile fatty acids, citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, glutamic acid, acetic acid, xylitol, arabitol and furfural. The processes such as torrefaction, steam explosion and hydrothermal carbonization improves the fuel efficiency of pellets from agro-residues. The agro-waste biorefinery results in zero waste from the full utilization of crop residues or agro-industrial by products. The agro-waste based biorefineries are viable and sustainable approach for conversion to biofuels and biochemicals especially in developing countries. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Ethanol Production from Sugarcane: An Overview(wiley, 2022-01-11T00:00:00) Prasad, Shiv; Gupta, Vikas Chandra; Bhatt, Rajan; Dhanya, M.S.Sugarcane is grown in about 26 million ha globally, mostly in tropical to subtropical zones, including the Indian sub-continent. India is a leading producer and consumer of sugar in the world, with annual 25-32 million tons of production and contributes nearly 15-17% of global sugar production. Its cultivation is an excellent sucrose source, commonly referred to as table sugar or granulated sugar. Molasses, a byproduct of sugar processing, are currently being used for bioenergy production, especially ethanol, because of economically viable resource. During extraction of juice from sugarcane, vast amounts of bagasse are also generated and burned in plant boilers, which are uneconomical and sources of air pollutants. Various physical, chemical, biological pretreatment, and enzymatic hydrolysis/saccharification and fermentation are applied to produce ethanol from sugarcane bagasse. Scientists are trying to use this bagasse as an economically viable option to produce ethanol and develop inexpensive technologies that practically apply pretreatment, saccharification, and ethanol fermentation at an industrial scale. In future, utilization of these innovative bioconversion technologies, especially simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), will give a new alternative bioeconomy. It would also provide sustainable use of sugarcane bagasse to produce bioethanol to manage environmental and socioeconomic issues, including dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuel resources. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.