Department Of Environmental Science And Technology
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Item Recycling of lignocellulosic waste as vermicompost using earthworm Eisenia fetida(Springer, 2019) Sharma, K; Garg, V.K.Present study aimed to evaluate the vermicomposting of lignocellulosic wastes employing Eisenia fetida earthworms. The study examined the effectiveness of vermicomposting for 105 days by mixing lignocellulosic waste (LW) with cattle manure (CM) in five different proportions. Results revealed that TOC and C/N ratio decreased gradually till end and in vermicomposts varied between 268–320 g/kg and 12.26–16.85, respectively. Nutrient content (NPK) in the vermicomposts increased with time in all the mixtures. Heavy metals’ content also increased in vermicomposts and benefit ratio for heavy metals ranged between 0.06 and 5.1. Increase in earthworm biomass (22.38–39.64 g) and reproduction (21.27–31.60 hatchlings/worm) was also satisfactory in all the waste mixtures. Based on results, it can be inferred that lignocellulosic waste can successfully be converted into good quality manure employing earthworms. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Biotransformation of bakery industry sludge into valuable product using vermicomposting(Elsevier, 2019) Yadav, A; Garg, V.K.The aim of present work was to evaluate periodic changes in bakery industry sludge during vermicomposting. Six different blends of cow dung (CD) and bakery industry sludge (BIS) containing 10 to 50% of BIS were assessed in this study. Changes in physico-chemical parameters were evaluated at 21 days interval up to 105 days. Earthworms significantly increased NPK content and EC, while decreased pH, TOC and C: N ratio of BIS. After vermicomposting, TKN, TAP and TK contents increased 2.0–3.5, 1.2–1.9 and 1.2–1.4 times, respectively as compared to initial blends. A significant reduction (65.4–83.5%) in C: N ratio was observed in all blends. The concentrations of metals were found to be higher in the vermicomposts as compared initial blends. It was inferred that bakery industry sludge spiked with cow dung can be biotransformed into valuable manure employing earthworms. © 2018 Elsevier LtdItem Application of EDTA modified Fe3O4/sawdust carbon nanocomposites to ameliorate methylene blue and brilliant green dye laden water(Academic Press, 2019) Kataria, N; Garg, V.K.This work explored the potential of magnetic sawdust carbon nanocomposites for cationic dyes removal from aqueous medium. EDTA modified magnetic sawdust carbon nanocomposites (EDTA@Fe3O4/SC ncs) were prepared by biogenic green reduction and precipitation approach. The surface properties, structure and composition of nanocomposites were characterized by HRTEM, FESEM, XRD, EDX, BET, FTIR etc. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were 10–20 nm in diameters and having 14 m2/g surface area. Removal of Methylene blue (MB) and Brilliant green (BG) dyes from aqueous medium was studied in batch mode experiments. The maximum removal was achieved at neutral pH 7.0 with in 30 min. Adsorption capacity of EDTA@Fe3O4/SC for MB and BG dyes was 227.3 mg/g and 285.7 mg/g, respectively. Dye adsorption behaviour is well explained by Freundlich model. The rate of cationic dye adsorption is explained by pseudo-second order model. The value of thermodynamic parameters confirmed that adsorption process was spontaneous and favourable. Desorption and reusable efficiency of nanocomposites was also evaluated. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.Item Vermitechnology for Organic Waste Recycling(Elsevier Inc., 2016) Gupta, R.; Garg, V.K.The disposal and management of solid wastes is a technical and ecological challenge throughout the globe because of their quantities and heterogeneous nature. Vermicomposting is one of the most ecologically and economically sound technologies for handling the biodegradable organic fraction of solid wastes. A large variety of such wastes of plant and animal origins can be gainfully vermicomposted at different scales varying from a household bin to a city level. Vermicompost also has excellent manurial properties as a soil conditioner and fertilizer, being a source of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients for plants. These virtues make vermicomposting a good option for processing the enormous quantities of biodegradable organic solid wastes that are generated in huge quantities. In this chapter, a review of the state of the art of vermicomposting technology is presented, including the process, various stages, characteristics, and benefits of vermicompost. ? 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Vermi-modification of ruminant excreta using Eisenia fetida(Springer Verlag, 2017) Sharma, K.; Garg, V.K.Present investigation aims on the vermicomposting of the excreta of different ruminants to convert it into manure employing earthworm species, Eisenia fetida. A total of 11 feedstocks (FS1?FS11) with different ratios were prepared from the excreta of different ruminants, viz., sheep, cow, buffalo, and goat. Semi-composted feedstocks were fed to E. fetida for 90?days under laboratory conditions. Vermicomposting enhanced the nutrient contents of ruminant excreta and converted it into odor-free and homogenous vermicompost. The growth of E. fetida was significant in all the feedstocks, but largest biomass gain was achieved in buffalo excreta followed by [sheep?+?buffalo]?>?[goat?+?buffalo] and [cow?+?buffalo] feedstocks. Highest fecundity (782???23.3) was also recorded in buffalo excreta followed by [goat?+?buffalo] excreta feedstock (484.6???15.7). In vermicomposted feedstocks, total organic carbon and organic matter was lesser, while NPK and heavy metals were higher as compared to raw feedstocks. C/N ratios of vermicomposts ranged from 15.37 to 38.56, which indicate a good level of maturity and stabilization of feedstocks. ? 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.Item Vermiconversion of biogas plant slurry and parthenium weed mixture to manure(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016) Yadav, A.; Garg, V.K.Purpose: Parthenium hysterophorus is one among the most troublesome weeds at the global level. It is mainly controlled by chemical methods. The scientific community is in search of new but non-destructive approaches for its management. Vermicomposting is one among the promising technologies for the management of organic fraction of solid wastes. This study was undertaken to assess the vermicomposting of parthenium weed mixed with biogas plant slurry under laboratory conditions. Method: Six different combinations of biogas plant slurry and parthenium were fed to worms in vermibins under controlled laboratory conditions for 60?days. Various physico-chemical parameters before and after vermicomposting were evaluated. Worm biomass production was also monitored periodically during the experimentation period. Results: The EC, TCa and NPK content increased significantly after vermicomposting, accompanied by substantial reduction in organic carbon content. C: N ratio was reduced to less than 20. Heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr and Pb) concentration was higher in vermicompost than in initial waste mixtures. Parthenium weed addition to worm feed was not supportive to the worm growth and fecundity. It was inferred from the results that vermicomposting may be an efficient biological approach to convert parthenium-spiked biogas plant slurry into nutrient-rich manure. ? 2016, The Author(s).Item Spatial mapping of uranium in groundwater and risk assessment around an atomic power station in India(Gh. Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 2016) Singh, M.; Garg, V.K.; Gautam, Y.P.; Kumar, A.This paper reports the distribution of natural uranium in different underground water sources and health risk evaluation around Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, India. The uranium concentration at studied locations ranged from BDL (<0.2 ?g/L) to 32.37 ?g/L with geometric mean (GM) of 6.4 ?g/L and geometric standard deviation of 7.85. The life time average daily dose of uranium in drinking water was 0.64 ?g kg-1 day-1. The cancer morbidity and mortality risk were also calculated for U-238, U-235 and U-234. The average cancer mortality was 8.03?10-7, 3.1?10-8 and 7.21?10-7 and cancer morbidity was 1.28?10-6, 4.89?10-8 and 1.12 ?10-6 for U-238, U-235 and U-234. It is concluded that health risk is minimal due to low levels of uranium in drinking water in Narora environment. However the concentration of uranium in drinking water must be monitored regularly. ? 2016, Gh. Asachi Technical University of Iasi. All rights reserved.Item Spectroscopic, thermogravimetric and structural characterization analyses for comparing Municipal Solid Waste composts and vermicomposts stability and maturity(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Soobhany, N.; Gunasee, S.; Rago, Y.P.; Joyram, H.; Raghoo, P.; Mohee, R.; Garg, V.K.This is the first-ever study of its kind for an extensive assessment and comparison of maturity indexes between compost and vermicompost that have been derived from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and structural characterization (scanning electron microscope: SEM) were recorded. FT-IR spectra showed an increase in conversion of polysaccharides species and aliphatic methylene groups in vermicompost compared to compost as depicted from the variation of the intensity of the peaks. TG curves of final vermicompost showed a much lower mass loss when compared to compost, indicating higher stability in feedstock. SEM micrographs of the vermicompost reflected strong fragmentation of material than composts which revealed the extent of intra-structural degradation of MSW. These findings elucidate on a clear comparison between composts and vermicomposts in terms of maturity indexes for soil enhancement and in agriculture as organic fertilizer. - 2017 Elsevier LtdItem Sequestration of copper (II) from simulated wastewater using pre?treated rice husk waste biomass(Gh. Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 2016) Bansal, M.; Mudhoo, A.; Garg, V.K.; Singh, D.This paper reports the potential of rice husk waste biomass to remove copper (II) from simulated wastewater under different experimental conditions. For this, rice husk has been pre?treated by boiling, formaldehyde and concentrated sulphuric acid. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy dispersive analysis X?ray analyses were performed before and after adsorption, to explore number and position of the functional groups available for copper (II) binding on to studied adsorbents and changes in adsorbent surface morphology. Effect of various process parameters, namely, pH, adsorbent dose, initial copper (II) concentration and contact time has been studied in batch systems. The removal of copper (II) was dependent on the kind of pre?treatment, physico?chemical characteristics of the adsorbent, copper (II) concentration and other studied process parameters. The optimum pH was 5.0 for copper (II) ion removal. The experimental data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin?Radushkevich (D?R) and Temkin isotherm models. It was found that Freundlich and Langmuir models fitted better and well. The results revealed that the copper (II) is considerably adsorbed on the prepared adsorbents and it could be an economical method for heavy metal sequestration from wastewaters. The process followed the pseudo?second order reaction kinetics. ? 2016, Gh. Asachi Technical University of Iasi. All rights reserved.Item Removal of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by Fe3O4@Ag/SiO2 nanospheres: Synthesis, characterization and adsorption performance(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Saini, J.; Garg, V.K.; Gupta, R.K.In this study, silver silica coated magnetite (Fe3O4@Ag/SiO2) nanospheres were synthesized employing sonication method and their performance was evaluated as nanoadsorbents for the removal of Methylene Blue in batch mode experiments. The physical characteristics of these nanospheres were studied using XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, and FTIR techniques. The Fe3O4@Ag/SiO2 nanospheres were capable to remove 99.6% Methylene Blue from aqueous solution at pH 7. A possible mechanism for the adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Fe3O4@Ag/SiO2 has been proposed. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics were studied for experimental data. The removal process followed Langmuir isotherm with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 128.5 mg/g. Experimental kinetic data fitted well to Pseudo-second-order and Intraparticle diffusion models. The values of thermodynamic parameters, viz., ?G0, ?S0 and ?H0 confirmed spontaneous, endothermic and feasible adsorption of Methylene Blue under studied experimental conditions. The Fe3O4@Ag/SiO2 nanospheres were regeneratable and reusable for five successive cycles. ? 2017 Elsevier B.V.
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