Department Of Environmental Science And Technology
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Item Hybrid nanomaterials for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater(Elsevier, 2023-04-21T00:00:00) Sharma, Anchal; Chauhan, Amit Kumar; Kataria, Navish; Garg, Vinod KumarNanomaterials have recently gained the attention of the scientific community due to their multifarious applications and excellent properties. The unique properties of nanomaterials include small size, high surface area-to-volume ratio, porous structure, magnetic behavior, thermal stability, photocatalysis, etc. Industrial activities are continuously enhancing the pollutant load in different environmental matrices, including aqueous systems. These pollutants may enter the food chain and exert adverse health effects and environmental problems. At this stage, interventions are urgently required to handle water pollutants. Several hybrid nanomaterials including metal oxide/carbon nanocomposites, metal doped composites, surface-functionalized carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, metal oxide-coated metal oxide frameworks, bimetallic coated biopolymers, metal-coated biomaterials, green fabricated metal/carbon nanocomposites, etc., are being designed and fabricated for the treatment of wastewater. Hybrid nanomaterials have been utilized in various treatment methods such as adsorption, photocatalysis and catalytic reduction, membrane filtration, and an advanced oxidation process for the removal of inorganic and organic compounds. This chapter focuses on the application of hybrid nanomaterials for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater systems. It also describes the current research progress of nanotechnology in environmental applications with a special emphasis on pollution prevention and the removal of environmental contaminants from contaminated drinking water and industrial wastewater. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Biogenic fabrication of ZnO@EC and MgO@EC using Eucalyptus leaf extract for the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) ions from water(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-04T00:00:00) Chauhan, Amit Kumar; Kataria, Navish; Gupta, Renuka; Garg, Vinod KumarZinc and magnesium oxide nanoparticles were fabricated using green synthesis method for the sequestration of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) from the aqueous medium. The biogenically prepared ZnO@EC and MgO@EC nanoparticles were successfully loaded on the Eucalyptus. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized using various techniques such as FESEM, TGA, XRD, EDX, FTIR, BET, and elemental mapping. FE-SEM analysis has revealed the surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticles, which were rod-like and spherical in shape, whereas MgO nanoparticles were of irregular shape. Batch mode was selected to remove the hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using the prepared nanomaterials. The Cr(VI) adsorption was carried out under optimized conditions, viz., pH (3.0), adsorbent dose (0.05�g), contact time (150�min), temperature (25 � 2��C), and initial concentration (50�mg/L). The experimental results were compared using the different isotherm models; The observations have indicated that experimental data fit better with Freundlich (R2 = 0.99) and Langmuir (R2 = 0.99)�isotherms, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of ZnO@EC and MgO@EC for Cr(VI) was found to be 49.3 and 17.4�mg/g, respectively. The regeneration study of the adsorbents was conducted using different desorbing agents viz., ethanol, NaOH, and NaCl. The desorbing agent NaOH performed better and showed removal percentage of 34.24% and 20.18% for ZnO@EC and MgO@EC, respectively, after the three reusability cycles. The kinetics of reaction was assessed using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The experimental data of both the nanomaterials ZnO@EC and MgO@EC obeyed pseudo-second-order model with correlation coefficient values 0.999 and 0.983, respectively. The thermodynamic study confirmed that adsorption was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. The adsorbents were tested for spiked real water which confirms their applicability and potential in real water systems also. The results indicated fair removal of chromium suggesting applicability of both adsorbents. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Utilization of biosynthesized silica-supported iron oxide nanocomposites for the adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-06-07T00:00:00) Garg, Rishav; Garg, Rajni; Khan, Md. Amir; Bansal, Manjeet; Garg, Vinod KumarThis study deals with heavy metal ions removal from simulated water using biosynthesized silica-supported iron oxide nanocomposites (nano-IOS). Agricultural and garden wastes have been utilized to prepare nano-IOS through a green synthesis process. Nano-IOS was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and zeta potential analysis. The nanocomposites were used to remove five heavy metals, viz., Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+, with optimization of reaction parameters including pH, the concentration of heavy metals, adsorbent dosage, and contact time in batch mode experiments. The optimized dose of nano-IOS was 0.75�g/L for the adsorption of Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ (10.0�mg/L) with a contact duration of 70�min at pH 5.0 for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ and 6.0 for Ni2+ and Zn2+. The adsorption behavior of the nano-adsorbent was well described by Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model indicating chemisorption on the surface of nano-IOS. The adsorption was also found spontaneous and endothermic. Thus, the environmentally benign and bio-synthesized nano-IOS can be utilized as an effective nano-adsorbent for the rapid sequestration of heavy metal ions�from water and wastewater. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Biodegradation of monocrotophos by indigenous soil bacterial isolates in the presence of humic acid, Fe (III) and Cu (II) ions(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-07-20T00:00:00) Singh, Simranjeet; Singh, Joginder; Ramamurthy, Praveen C.; Kumar, Vijay; Bhardwaj, Sonali; Garg, Vinod KumarThree bacteria, namely Streptomyces sp. MCP1, Rhizobium leguminosarum MCP2 and Bacillus subtilis MCP3, isolated from an arable field, have been used for the biodegradation of monocrotophos (MCP). The bacterial strains were characterized based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. MCP was subjected to biological degradation in two ways, i.e., with or without using Fe(III), Cu(II), and humic acid (HA). The isolates were capable of degrading MCP in an order: MCP2 (Bacillus subtilis) > MCP1 (Streptomyces sp.) > MCP3 (Rhizobium leguminosarum). With the application of Cu(II) and Fe(III), the biodegradation of MCP was from 83 to 92% and 78 to 87%, respectively. Altogether, under different conditions, the order of inhibition of MCP biodegradation was apparently as HA > Fe(III) > Cu(II). Mass spectrometric and UV�visible spectrophotometric results showed that MCP biodegradation's only pathway included major intermediatory metabolites (E) 4-amino-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl dimethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, methyl hydrogen phosphate and phosphonate. � 2021 Elsevier Ltd