Department Of Environmental Science And Technology
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/84
Browse
5 results
Search Results
Item Pharmaceutical Contamination in Water and Wastewater: Remediation Technology and Future Challenges(CRC Press, 2023-09-12T00:00:00) Kataria, Navish; Yadav, Sangita; Rose, Pawan Kumar; Garg, Vinod KumarWater is an essential natural resource available on the earth for the use of human beings. Numerous new toxins build up in aquatic habitats due to industrial, agricultural, hospital, and residential discharges. Nowadays, several nations consider pharmaceutical pollution of the aquatic environment a severe environmental issue. Therefore, research focusing on the chemical identification and measurement of these substances, assessing potential biological impacts, and developing and applying state-of-the-art treatment techniques for their removal and/or mineralisation has gained tremendous attention. Conventional treatment techniques generally result in inadequate removal, toxic by-products, and sludge production and are usually ineffective in eliminating new contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals. Additionally, the concentration of these contaminants has not been routinely evaluated since there are no precise discharge regulations. Advanced water treatment techniques are needed to treat pharmaceutical waste effectively. The present chapter discusses the potential methods for remediating pharmaceuticals from water bodies and wastewater streams, as well as advancements in remediation strategies, green chemistry, circular economy, and associated future challenges. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Vinod Kumar Garg, Ashok Pandey, Navish Kataria and Caterina Faggio; individual chapters, the contributors.Item Rice husk biochar - A novel engineered bio-based material for transforming groundwater-mediated fluoride cycling in natural environments(Academic Press, 2023-05-24T00:00:00) Kumar, Rakesh; Sharma, Prabhakar; Sharma, Pushpa Kumari; Rose, Pawan Kumar; Singh, Rakesh Kumar; Kumar, Nishant; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Maity, Jyoti Prakash; Ghosh, Ashok; Kumar, Manish; Bhattacharya, Prosun; Pandey, AshokBiochar, a promising carbon-rich and carbon-negative material, can control water pollution, harness the synergy of sustainable development goals, and achieve circular economy. This study examined the performance feasibility of treating fluoride-contaminated surface and groundwater using raw and modified biochar synthesized from agricultural waste rice husk as problem-fixing renewable carbon-neutral material. Physicochemical characterizations of raw/modified biochars were investigated using FESEM-EDAX, FTIR, XRD, BET, CHSN, VSM, pHpzc, Zeta potential, and particle size analysis were analyzed to identify the surface morphology, functional groups, structural, and electrokinetic behavior. In fluoride (F?) cycling, performance feasibility was tested at various governing factors, contact time (0�120 min), initial F? levels (10�50 mg L?1), biochar dose (0.1�0.5 g L?1), pH (2�9), salt strengths (0�50 mM), temperatures (301�328 K), and various co-occurring ions. Results revealed that activated magnetic biochar (AMB) possessed higher adsorption capacity than raw biochar (RB) and activated biochar (AB) at pH 7. The results indicated that maximum F? removal (98.13%) was achieved using AMB at pH 7 for 10 mg L?1. Electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, pore fillings, and surface complexation govern F? removal mechanisms. Pseudo-second-order and Freundlich were the best fit kinetic and isotherm for F? sorption, respectively. Increased biochar dose drives an increase in active sites due to F? level gradient and mass transfer between biochar-fluoride interactions, which reported maximum mass transfer for AMB than RB and AB. Fluoride adsorption using AMB could be described through chemisorption processes at room temperature (301 K), though endothermic sorption follows the physisorption process. Fluoride removal efficiency reduced, from 67.70% to 53.23%, with increased salt concentrations from 0 to 50 mM NaCl solutions, respectively, due to increased hydrodynamic diameter. Biochar was used to treat natural fluoride-contaminated surface and groundwater in real-world problem-solving measures, showed removal efficiency of 91.20% and 95.61%, respectively, for 10 mg L?1 F? contamination, and has been performed multiple times after systematic adsorption-desorption experiments. Lastly, techno-economic analysis was analyzed for biochar synthesis and F? treatment performance costs. Overall, our results revealed worth output and concluded with recommendations for future research on F? adsorption using biochar. � 2023 Elsevier LtdItem Co-transport and deposition of fluoride using rice husk-derived biochar in saturated porous media: Effect of solution chemistry and surface properties(Elsevier B.V., 2023-02-10T00:00:00) Kumar, Rakesh; Sharma, Prabhakar; Rose, Pawan Kumar; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Bhattacharya, Prosun; Pandey, Ashok; Kumar, ManishFluoride (F?) contamination in water is a global health concern, threatening the well-being of millions. This study investigated the role of ZnCl2/FeCl3-rice husk-modified biochar (Zn-BC and Zn/Fe-BC) in treating F?-contaminated surface and groundwater under the influence of varying solution chemistry, co-existing ions, and biochar-amended through column transport experiments. Modified biochar showed maximum F? adsorption, 99.01% and 91.90% using Zn/Fe-BC and Zn-BC, respectively, than 85.87% using raw biochar (R-BC). Raw/modified biochars were characterized with FESEM-EDAX, FTIR, XRD, particle size, surface area, electro-kinetic potential, and point of zero charge analyses. Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic could explain that F?-biochar interactions are dominated by chemisorption at ambient temperature while physisorption at higher temperatures. The influence of salt concentrations and co-occurring ions reduced F? sorption using Zn/Fe-BC. Increased salt strengths led to reduced electrophoretic mobility of biochar particles, i.e., biochar�biochar particles attract each other and increase the hydrodynamic diameter, which ultimately reduces the active sites on biochar for F? adsorption. Co-transport and deposition of biochar and F? in saturated porous media revealed lower mobility of biochar, and maximum F? adsorption was observed at 10 mM salt strength. Biochar transport is governed by electrostatic interactions, whereas F? transport mainly occurs through chemisorption. In rural areas, hand pumps and tube wells are generally used as source of potable water for drinking and cooking purposes; thus, biochar-mediated sand columns can be utilized for defluoridation. Thus, Zn/Fe-BC can be utilized as a potential bio-adsorbent for F?-contaminated natural surface and groundwater with optimum preparation and treatment costs. � 2023 The AuthorsItem Microplastics in multimedia environment: A systematic review on its fate, transport, quantification, health risk, and remedial measures(Elsevier B.V., 2023-01-06T00:00:00) Rose, Pawan Kumar; Jain, Monika; Kataria, Navish; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Yadav, AnoopThe ever-increasing presence of microplastics in many environmental components has been a cause of worry for humanity due to their small size and potential health risk. Since the last decade, numerous studies have been conducted on the prevalence and dispersion of microplastics. However, at present, there aren't any systematic studies on fate and transport of microplastics that consider multimedia environmental systems and their mitigation measures. Also, there are limited studies on the routes through which humans are exposed to microplastics. In this review, about 380 articles were evaluated to uncover the extent of microplastic fate, transport, and pollution in different environmental components, including soil, freshwater, marine, and atmosphere, as well as its effect on different ecosystems. We gave special attention to understanding many routes and sources of microplastics intended for human consumption and their consequences on human health. Furthermore, we tried to emphasize on the different methods used for sampling, extraction, identification and characterization of microplastics, along with associated benefits and limitations. This study highlighted existing knowledge and gaps in the remediation of microplastics. On this basis, the bottleneck and current challenges have been proposed. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.Item Bioremediation Potential of Trichoderma species for Metal(loid)s(CRC Press, 2022-09-30T00:00:00) Kidwai, Mohd. Kashif; Malik, Anju; Dhull, Sanju Bala; Rose, Pawan Kumar; Garg, Vinod KumarEnvironmental pollution is a global challenge affecting all ecosystems. Various types of pollution are posing challenges to the survival of present and future generations. Inappropriate disposal of heavy metals also causes adverse economical and ecological effects. Microorganisms are omnipresent and deliver significant ecological services in the management of metal(loid)s, enabling them to be applied in various biotechnological strategies for the environmental management needed for sustainable development. Fungal organisms have the innate mechanisms and features such as resistance, tolerance, enzymatic diversity, production of metallothioneins, enzymes and organic acids, enabling them to be applied as potential microorganisms for the remediation of metal(loid)s. Trichoderma species are one among the widely investigated microorganisms and have beneficial applications in the agricultural and industrial sectors. This chapter overviews the contribution of studies conducted on different Trichoderma species and their potential for bioremediation of metal(loid)s such as nickel, cadmium, copper, arsenic, lead, chromium etc. by employing various detoxification strategies such as bioaccumulation, biotransformation, biosorption, phytobial remediation, etc. Various Trichoderma species, T. hrazianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. virens, T. viride etc., are discussed for having bioremediation potential against different metal(loid)s. � 2023 Anju Malik, Mohd. Kashif Kidwai and Vinod Kumar Garg.