Department Of Environmental Science And Technology
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/84
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Item Evaluation of mycelial nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants of five Himalayan entomopathogenic ascomyceteous fungi from India(Begell House Inc., 2015) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.; Atri, N.S.In this study, using standard methods, mycelial nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants were analyzed for the first time for five fungal species: Isaria sinclairii (Berk.) Lloyd, I. tenuipes Peck, I. japonica Yasuda, I. farinosa (Holmsk) Fr. and Cordyceps tuberculata (Lebert) Maire. All of these species were low in fat content and rich in protein, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates. Mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Ca) were detected in appreciable amounts. All three types of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated) as well as bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, ?-carotene, lycopene, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides) were detected for each species. The investigated species showed high ferric-reducing antioxidant power as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Although differences were observed in the values of each species, each species showed richness in one or more components. ? 2015 Begell House, Inc.Item Evaluation of nutritional, nutraceutical, and antioxidant composition of eight wild culinary mushrooms (Higher basidiomycetes) from the Northwest Himalayas(Begell House Inc., 2016) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.In this article, 8 culinary mushroom species?namely, Agaricus arvensis, Lepiota leucothites, Amanita caesarea, Gymnopilus junonius, Coprinus atramentarius, Hygrocybe coccinea, Hygrophorus pustulatus, and Lactarius pubescens?were collected from different localities of the northwest Himalayas and evaluated for nutritional, nutraceutical, and antioxidant composition on a dry weight basis. Nutritional composition of these species showed carbohydrates (37.16-57.10%), protein (10.17-22.63%), fiber (0.99-2.11%), ash (0.11-1.10%), and crude fat (0.22-0.30%). Mineral elements iron, mercury, copper, manganese, and calcium were documented in varying amounts from all the species. The nutritional composition of all the species varied; however, each species showed richness in one or more components. Nutraceutical evaluation of all the species showed the presence of ?-carotene, lycopene, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and flavonoids in considerable amounts. Among all the species, A. arvensis, A. caesarea, and L. pubescens showed larger amounts of one or more nutraceutical components. Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide in all the species. All the species exhibited different activities for ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, Fe2+ chelating activity, and superoxide anion radical scavenging ability. ? 2016 Begell House, Inc.Item Chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of cultured mycelia of four clavicipitaceous mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas(Begell House Inc., 2017) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Experiments to determine these characteristics were performed following standard methods. The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species were analysed using gas chromatography. Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ? 0.7% to 63.40 ? 0.3%), protein (14.19 ? 0.2% to 26.16 ? 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ? 0.0% to 1.22 ? 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ? 0.0% to 0.98 ? 0.0%). The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. The amount of ?-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 ?g/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 ?g/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. All tested species showed significant (P ? 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations. C. cicadae possessed the lowest half-maximal effective concentration compared with the other species. All 4 species showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains. ? 2017 Begell House, Inc.