Department Of Environmental Science And Technology

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Author: search.filters.author.Vishwakarma, Gajendra Singh

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    Self-assembled nanomaterials for cleansing and bioremediation
    (Elsevier, 2022-08-12T00:00:00) Kumar, Ravishankar; Vaidh, Sachin; Parekh, Dharni; Vasoya, Nikita; Shah, Milika; Vishwakarma, Gajendra Singh
    The development of sustainable and effective solutions for Environmental remediation and cleansing is one of the areas of research and development nowadays. In this regard, conventional treatment systems fail to eradicate aquatic pathogens, toxic metal ions, and industrial waste. The research and development in this area have given rise to a new class of process that is based on self-assemble Nanomaterials (NMs). This Chapter discusses many of those self-assembled NMs like metal-based metal-free, biopolymer-based, and others that have been studied for water and wastewater purification and treatment and removal of various pollutants like heavy metals, dyes, pesticides. It also discusses the design and performance of the different types of nano assemblies that have been utilized in this concern. In addition to that, the chapter also focuses on the different process parameters such as temperature, pH, catalyst-loading, and reaction time that need to attain the maximum efficiency. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Phytotoxic potential of essential oil from leaves of eucalyptus tereticornis against rice (orza sativa) and its weeds, echinochloa grus-galli and cyperus rotundus
    (Central University of Punjab, 2016) Vishwakarma, Gajendra Singh; Mittal, Sunil
    The present study was undertaken to explore the phytotoxic potential of essential oil from Eucalyptus tereticornis against two major weeds of rice viz. Echinochloa crus-galli and Cyperus rotundus. The effect of essential oil was studied on growth (percent germination, root length and shoot length development) physiological parameters (chlorophyll content and percent respiration) and biochemical changes in macromolecule content (protein and carbohydrate) under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Studies revealed that Eucalyptus tereticornis essential oil (in different concentrations ranging from 25 to 250 µg/ml) adversely affected the growth and physiology of all the test plants. However the effect was more predominant in weeds compare to the rice seedlings. When the seeds of test plants were exposed to 100 and 250 µg/ml oil concentration, seed germination and seedling development of test weeds were highly affected as compare to the rice. C. rotundus was found to be the most sensitive weed among test plants. In chlorophyll content, the percent reduction at 250 µg/ml of essential oil was 60% 80% and 99% in O. sativa, E. crus-galli and C. rotundus, respectively. Similarly, reduction in respiratory activity on exposure to 250 µg/ml of essential oil was 20% 40% and 99% in O. sativa, E. crus-galli and C. rotundus, respectively. The effect of essential oil on macromolecules, i.e. carbohydrates and proteins also followed the similar trend. The percent reduction in protein content was approximately 40%, 60% and 80% and percent reduction in carbohydrate content was 25% 60% and 90% in O. sativa, E. crus-galli and C. rotundus, respectively on exposure to 100 µg/ml of essential oil. The present study concludes that essential oil of E. tereticornis shows the toxicity selectively towards the E. crus-galli and C. rotundus compare to O.sativa.
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    Arsenic Induced Alteration in Macromolecule Concentration and Antioxidant System in Two Improved Rice Varieties
    (Tamil Nadu Scientific Research Organization (TNSRO), 2016) Kamboj, Ritu; Vishwakarma, Gajendra Singh; Sharma, Shilpa; Mittal, Sunil
    Arsenic contamination of rice has been highlighted as major issue throughout the world as it is a staple food for millions. The aim of study was to analyze the effect of different concentration of arsenic on the germination, physiology, macromolecules concentration and antioxidant enzymes in improved varieties of rice. In vitro study indicates that the lower concentration of arsenate had a stimulating effect on germination, chlorophyll content as well as respiratory content while an inhibitory effect at higher concentration. Roots were more affected than shoots. Further, the content of macromolecules (carbohydrate and protein) was elevated while the activities of their hydrolyzing enzymes (α, β amylase and protease) were declined on arsenic stress. The significant elevation in the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes also proved the generation of reactive oxygen species due to the arsenic toxicity