Department Of Environmental Science And Technology

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End date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.Chemistry

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    Taxonomical establishment and compositional studies of a new cordyceps (ascomycetes) species from the northwest himalayas (India)
    (Begell House Inc., 2016) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.; Atri, N.S.; Dhancholia, S.
    During a frequent survey in the northwest Indian Himalayan region, a new species-Cordyceps macleodganensis-was encountered. This species is described on the basis of its macromorphological features, microscopic details, and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. This species showed only 90% resemblance to Cordyceps gracilis. The chemical composition of the mycelium showed protein (14.95 ? 0.2%) and carbohydrates (59.21 ? 3.8%) as the major nutrients. This species showed appreciable amounts of ?-carotene, lycopene, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and flavonoids. Mycelial culture of this species showed higher effectiveness for ferric-reducing antioxidant power, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion-chelating activity, and scavenging ability on superoxide anion-derived radicals, calculated by half-maximal effective concentrations. ? 2016 Begell House, Inc.
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    Management of food and vegetable processing waste spiked with buffalo waste using earthworms (Eisenia fetida)
    (Springer Verlag, 2017) Sharma, K.; Garg, V.K.
    The present investigation was focused on the vermicomposting of food and vegetable processing waste (VW) mixed with buffalo dung (BW) under laboratory condition employing Eisenia fetida earthworm species. Four different proportions of VW and BW were prepared and subjected to vermicomposting after 3?weeks of pre-composting. After vermicomposting, nitrogen (7.82?20.73?g/kg), total available phosphate (4.80?11.74?g/kg) and total potassium (7.43?12.75?g/kg) content increased significantly as compared to initial feed stocks. Significant reduction was observed in pH (7.56 to 6.55), total organic carbon (48.25?23.54%) and organic matter (83.18?40.68%). Metal content (Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni) was higher in all the vermicomposts than feedstocks. Data on growth and reproduction of earthworm revealed that the highest biomass gain and fecundity of worms were attained in 100% BW followed by [BW75%?+?VW25%]?>?[BW50%?+?VW50%]?>?[BW25%?+?VW75%] feedstocks. Results evidenced the suitability of VW (up to 50%) spiked with BW for increasing earthworm population and in providing potent organic manure for agricultural applications. ? 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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    Evaluation of mycelial nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants of five Himalayan entomopathogenic ascomyceteous fungi from India
    (Begell House Inc., 2015) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.; Atri, N.S.
    In this study, using standard methods, mycelial nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants were analyzed for the first time for five fungal species: Isaria sinclairii (Berk.) Lloyd, I. tenuipes Peck, I. japonica Yasuda, I. farinosa (Holmsk) Fr. and Cordyceps tuberculata (Lebert) Maire. All of these species were low in fat content and rich in protein, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates. Mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Ca) were detected in appreciable amounts. All three types of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated) as well as bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, ?-carotene, lycopene, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides) were detected for each species. The investigated species showed high ferric-reducing antioxidant power as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Although differences were observed in the values of each species, each species showed richness in one or more components. ? 2015 Begell House, Inc.
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    Estimation of Mineral and Trace Element Profile in Bubaline Milk Affected with Subclinical Mastitis
    (Humana Press Inc., 2017) Singh, M.; Yadav, P.; Sharma, A.; Garg, V.K.; Mittal, D.
    The milk samples from buffaloes of Murrah breed at mid lactation stage, reared at an organised dairy farm, were screened for subclinical mastitis based on bacteriological examination and somatic cell count following International Dairy Federation criteria. Milk samples from subclinical mastitis infected and healthy buffaloes were analysed to evaluate physicochemical alterations in terms of protein, fat, pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, minerals (sodium, potassium and calcium) and trace elements (iron, zinc, copper and selenium). In the present study, protein, fat, zinc, iron, calcium and selenium content was significantly lower (P?
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    A comparative analysis of composts and vermicomposts derived from municipal solid waste for the growth and yield of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
    (Springer Verlag, 2017) Soobhany, N.; Mohee, R.; Garg, V.K.
    This work was conducted to evaluate and compare the responses of Phaseolus vulgaris to three types of composts and vermicomposts derived from municipal solid waste (MSW). Different amendment rates were used and evaluated for their effect on germination, growth, and marketable yield. MSW-derived vermicomposts and composts were substituted into mineral brown-earth soil, applied at rates of 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100% (v/v) in plastic pots of 7.2-L capacity. Green beans which are grown in 40% vermicompost/soil mixtures and compost/soil mixtures yielded 78.3?89.5% higher fruit weights as compared to control. Results showed that MSW vermicomposts consistently outperformed equivalent quantities of composts in terms of fruit yield, shoot, and root dry weights, which can be attributed to the contributions of physicochemical properties and nutrients content (N, P, and K) in the potting experiments. Consequently, it seemed likely that MSW vermicompost provided other biological inputs such as plant growth regulators (PGRs) and plant growth hormones (PGHs), which could have a considerably positive effect on the growth and yields of P. vulgaris as compared to composts. More in-depth scientific investigation is required in order to identify the distinctive effects and the exact mechanisms of these PGRs in MSW vermicomposts which influenced plant growth responses. ? 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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    Effect of chemo-mechanical disintegration on sludge anaerobic digestion for enhanced biogas production
    (Springer Verlag, 2016) Kavitha, S.; Saji Pray, S.; Yogalakshmi, K.N.; Adish Kumar, S.; Yeom, I.-T.; Rajesh banu, J.
    The effect of combined surfactant-dispersion pretreatment on dairy waste activated sludge (WAS) reduction in anaerobic digesters was investigated. The experiments were performed with surfactant, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the range of 0.01 to 0.1?g/g suspended solids (SS) and disperser with rpm of 5000?25,000. The COD (chemical oxygen demand) solubilization, suspended solids reduction, and biogas generation increased for an energy input of 7377?kJ/kg total solids (TS) (12,000?rpm, 0.04?g/g SS, and 30?min) and were found to be 38, 32, and 75?%, higher than that of control. The pretreated sludge improved the performance of semicontinuous anaerobic digesters of 4?L working volume operated at four different SRTs (sludge retention time). SRT of 15?days was found to be appropriate showing 49 and 51?% reduction in SS and volatile solids (VS), respectively. The methane yield of the pretreated sample was observed to be 50?mL/g VS removed which was observed to be comparatively higher than the control (12?mL/g VS removed) at optimal SRT of 15?days. To the best of the authors? knowledge, this study is the first to be reported and not yet been documented in literature. ? 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.