Department Of Environmental Science And Technology

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    Optimization, composition, and antioxidant activities of exo-and intracellular polysaccharides in submerged culture of cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) durieu & Mont.
    (Hindawi Limited, 2015) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.; Atri, N.S.
    Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. Effect of different factors on polysaccharides production was studied by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ? 5.01 and 385.20 ? 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ? 3.32 and 254.62 ? 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ? 1.11, 216.60 ? 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ? 2.52 and 219.45 ? 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23?C (405.24 ? 1.11 and 215.60 ? 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ? 2.12 and 264.42 ? 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ? 3.11 and 245.17 ? 3.24 mg/L), respectively. Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10: 1 (395.29 ? 2.15 and 235.62 ? 1.40 mg/L), respectively. Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide (62.15 ? 7.33%). Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. ? 2015 Sapan Kumar Sharma et al.
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    Evaluation of mycelial nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants of five Himalayan entomopathogenic ascomyceteous fungi from India
    (Begell House Inc., 2015) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.; Atri, N.S.
    In this study, using standard methods, mycelial nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants were analyzed for the first time for five fungal species: Isaria sinclairii (Berk.) Lloyd, I. tenuipes Peck, I. japonica Yasuda, I. farinosa (Holmsk) Fr. and Cordyceps tuberculata (Lebert) Maire. All of these species were low in fat content and rich in protein, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates. Mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Ca) were detected in appreciable amounts. All three types of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated) as well as bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, ?-carotene, lycopene, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides) were detected for each species. The investigated species showed high ferric-reducing antioxidant power as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Although differences were observed in the values of each species, each species showed richness in one or more components. ? 2015 Begell House, Inc.
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    Chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of cultured mycelia of four clavicipitaceous mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas
    (Begell House Inc., 2017) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.
    Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Experiments to determine these characteristics were performed following standard methods. The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species were analysed using gas chromatography. Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ? 0.7% to 63.40 ? 0.3%), protein (14.19 ? 0.2% to 26.16 ? 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ? 0.0% to 1.22 ? 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ? 0.0% to 0.98 ? 0.0%). The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. The amount of ?-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 ?g/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 ?g/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. All tested species showed significant (P ? 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations. C. cicadae possessed the lowest half-maximal effective concentration compared with the other species. All 4 species showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains. ? 2017 Begell House, Inc.