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    Role of Quorum Sensing in the Survival of Rhizospheric Microbes
    (Springer Nature, 2022-01-01T00:00:00) Rathi, Manohari; Manchanda, Geetanjali; Singh, Raghvendra Pratap
    Quorum sensing (QS) signaling is a cell-to-cell communication or coordination at microbial population level. However, the ecological role of QS in complex or multi-species communities, principally in the milieu of community assemblage, has neither been experimentally discovered nor theoretically revealed. QS comprises the production of secreted signals (diffusible), which can diverge across diverse types of microbes. Over the past decades, there has been a significant accretion of data of the molecular mechanisms, gene regulons, signal structures, and behavioral responses related with QS systems gained. More recent studies have focused on understanding quorum sensing in the context of bacterial sociality. Studies of the role of quorum sensing in cooperative and competitive microbial interactions have discovered, how QS coordinates interactions both within and between the species. Such studies of quorum sensing as a social behavior have relied on the development of �synthetic ecological� models that use nonclonal bacterial populations. Hence, the aim of this chapter is to understand how microbes might interact with one another in the plant root�associated soils using QS system. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
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    Toxicity and detoxification of monocrotophos from ecosystem using different approaches: A review
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021-02-23T00:00:00) Singh, Simranjeet; Kumar, Vijay; Kanwar, Ramesh; Wani, Abdul Basit; Gill, Jatinder Pal Kaur; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Singh, Joginder; Ramamurthy, Praveen C.
    Monocrotophos (MCP) is an organophosphate insecticide with broad application in agricultural crops like rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, soybeans, groundnut and vegetables. MCP solubilize in water readily and thus reduced sorption occurs in soil. This leads to MCP leaching into the groundwater and pose a significant threat of contamination. The MCP's half-life depends on the temperature and pH value and estimated as 17�96 d. But the half-life of technical grade MCP can exceed up to 2500 days if properly stored at 38 �C in a glass or polyethylene container in a stable condition. It causes abnormality, ranging from mild to severe confusion, agitation, hypersalivation, convulsion, pulmonary failure, senescence in mammals and insects. MCP affects humans by inhibiting the activity of the acetylcholine esterase enzyme. MCP is accountable for the catalytic degradation of acetylcholine and affects the neurotransmission between neurons. This review discusses MCP's various aspects and fate on aquatic and terrestrial life forms, quantification methods for monitoring, various degradation processes, and their mechanisms. Different case studies related to its impact on the human population in different parts of the world have been discussed. Efforts have also been made to summarize and present different microbial population's role in its degradation and mineralization. � 2021 Elsevier Ltd