Department Of Environmental Science And Technology

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/84

Browse

Subject: search.filters.subject.Monocrotophos

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Toxicity and detoxification of monocrotophos from ecosystem using different approaches: A review
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021-02-23T00:00:00) Singh, Simranjeet; Kumar, Vijay; Kanwar, Ramesh; Wani, Abdul Basit; Gill, Jatinder Pal Kaur; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Singh, Joginder; Ramamurthy, Praveen C.
    Monocrotophos (MCP) is an organophosphate insecticide with broad application in agricultural crops like rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, soybeans, groundnut and vegetables. MCP solubilize in water readily and thus reduced sorption occurs in soil. This leads to MCP leaching into the groundwater and pose a significant threat of contamination. The MCP's half-life depends on the temperature and pH value and estimated as 17�96 d. But the half-life of technical grade MCP can exceed up to 2500 days if properly stored at 38 �C in a glass or polyethylene container in a stable condition. It causes abnormality, ranging from mild to severe confusion, agitation, hypersalivation, convulsion, pulmonary failure, senescence in mammals and insects. MCP affects humans by inhibiting the activity of the acetylcholine esterase enzyme. MCP is accountable for the catalytic degradation of acetylcholine and affects the neurotransmission between neurons. This review discusses MCP's various aspects and fate on aquatic and terrestrial life forms, quantification methods for monitoring, various degradation processes, and their mechanisms. Different case studies related to its impact on the human population in different parts of the world have been discussed. Efforts have also been made to summarize and present different microbial population's role in its degradation and mineralization. � 2021 Elsevier Ltd
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Evaluation of monocrotophos residues in soils of bathinda, punjab and its viodegradation through microbial isolates of contaminated soil
    (Central University of Punjab, 2013) Mishra, Disha; Dhanya, M.S.
    The soil samples for the study were randomly collected from ten different villages (Bhagibander, Dhadde, Gurusar Sahnewala, Jajjal, Jassi, Malkana, Mahinangal, Sangat Kalan, Talwandi sabo, Teona Pujarian) of Bathinda. The questionnaire survey provided the information on pesticide history and consumption. All the villages had the history of monocrotophos (MCP) usage for crops like cotton, rice and legumes and two villages Dhadde and Teona Pujarian had current monocrotophos usage. The MCP residue of 0.08 ?g/kg was detected only in Teona Pujarian soil sample. The screening of all soil samples for the microbes with tolerance for different monocrotophos concentrations of 50 mg/l to 1000 mg/l in pikovskaya media was done by enrichment and adaptation method. The two bacterial isolates named as D1, T1 and four fungal isolates D2, D3, T2, and T3 were isolated from Dhadde (D) and Teona Pujarian (T) soil at MCP concentration of 1000mg/L. The morphological and biochemical test results for bacterial isolates from Teona Pujarian, T1 and Dhadde, D1 were found similar to Pseudomonas sp. and Serratia sp. respectively. The fungal isolates were found to have similar morphological characters to Aspergillus sp. The isolate T1 showed the degradation potential of 88.9 % in media and 87.4% in the MCP spiked soil after 7 days for MCP concentration of 1000 mg/L. The increase in P solubilisation and detection of traces of MCP residues and volatile fatty acids like palmitic acid, stearic acid, etc. indicated MCP mineralization by the isolate. This isolate could be useful in on-site bioremediation of the monocrotophos contaminated soil
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Inhibitory effect of essential oil of ocimum sanctum l. against pesticide induced genotoxicity
    (Central University of Punjab, 2012) Kaur, Gurpreet; Mittal, Sunil
    The increase in pesticide contamination in the environment is of great concern due to its strong association with genetic material. The plants are considered as natural drugs to decline such toxic effects. In present study, the genotoxicity of Monocrotophos has been evaluated in lung cancer cell line i.e. A549 and H1299. The further step is to evaluate the prevention Monocrotophos induced genotoxic effect by pretreatment and post-treatment of O. sanctum essential oil. The results of present study suggest that eugenol (46%) and caryophyllene (28%) are the major components of essential oil of O. sanctum apart from other minor components. The essential oil cause increase in cell proliferation rate at lower concentration (20 ?g/ml for 6hrs.) in A549 cells while decrease in cell proliferation rate with increase in essential oil treatment after 20 ?g/ml concentration. Also, the cell viability has not been affected at 10 ?g/ml concentration in both the cell lines. On the other hand, Monocrotophos also cause increase cell proliferation rate at lower concentration (6.25 ?M - 200 ?M) for 6 hrs. in A549 cells and significant decrease in cell proliferation rate at higher concentration (1 mM -50 mM) in both the cell line. The results suggest that the H1299 cells, lacking p53 expression, are more sensitive to essential oil and Monocrotophos concentrations. The genotoxic study revealed that the Monocrotophos caused increase in comet length, % DNA in tail, tail length, tail intensity and decrease in Head intensity but pre-treat and post-treatment show protective action with respect to various Monocrotophos concentrations. It has been observed that post-treatment is better in comparison to pretreatment of Ocimum sanctum essential oil in all studied parameters. It can be concluded that the essential oils help the cells to compensate the oxidative stress generated inside the cell and hence can protect them from pesticide induced genotoxic effect.