School Of Environment And Earth Sciences
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Item Utilization of vermi-incorporated feed for the seed production of two freshwater ornamental fish, Xiphophorus helleri and Poecilia sphenops(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-10-18T00:00:00) Sharma, Kavita; Garg, Vinod KumarIntegrated ornamental pisciculture and vermiculture is an eco-friendly cleaner technology of resource utilization contributing to the circular economy of a country. The present investigation studied the effect of earthworms, Eisenia fetida, on the seed production of ornamental fishes. Earthworms have a high crude protein and lipid content and are hence utilized as one ingredient for making fish feed, i.e., vermi-incorporated feed. Vermincorporated feed was prepared using different percentages of earthworm powder. Earthworms used for making fish feed were obtained from various vermicomposting experiments. Reproduction of swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri, and black molly, Poecilia sphenops, was assessed at different percentages of vermi-incorporated feed. The results revealed that maximum fry production was at 3% vermi-incorporated feed application in Xiphophorus helleri(293.7�22.7) as well as in Poecilia sphenops�(312.3�4.7). Minimum fry production was when fishes were fed with 1% vermi-incorporated feed. Female biomass was positively correlated (R 2=0.95-0.97) with the mean fry production in different treatments for both species. No mortality or deformities were observed during the experiment. Water quality parameters were in the optimal range for ornamental fish breeding. Results revealed that earthworm protein can be successfully used for the seed production of ornamental fish � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Vermicomposting of Green Organic Wastes Using Eisenia Fetida Under Field Conditions: a Case Study of a Green Campus(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023-01-02T00:00:00) Rupani, Parveen Fatemeh; Embrandiri, Asha; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Abbaspour, Madjid; Dewil, Raf; Appels, LiseGreen leafy vegetables are part of the Mediterranean and Middle East diets, which generate tonnes of green leafy waste. Massive production of such wastes is a challenge for policymakers, scientists, and urban local bodies to use them in a sustainable manner to convert them into valuable products. Higher education institutions such as universities are among the sectors that produce considerable quantities of organic waste daily, generated from restaurants and cafeterias. Hence, this study explores the waste treatment of university campuses using a biotechnological approach, i.e., vermicomposting technology, for sustainable management. In this study, vermicomposting was carried out using three types of green wastes [Persian-Leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. persicum), Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), and Dill (Anthemum graveolens)] obtained from restaurants and cafeterias operating on a university campus. The experiment was conducted by preparing different treatments using green vegetable wastes in different ratios with paper waste and animal manure and vermicomposted using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. The results showed that the earthworms could not survive in 100% vegetable waste due to the feed's high moisture and nutrient content. Additionally, a mixture containing 50%, 25%, and 25% vegetable waste, cow dung, and paper waste is compatible with an efficient vermicomposting process. Parsley supported earthworm survival for 45�days. Moreover, the microbial assay showed that the vermicompost contained less than 3�CFU�g?1 Salmonella sp. This confirms that the obtained vermicompost is safe for agricultural use. Therefore, vermicomposting fresh vegetable waste is a viable process to achieve the aim of a green campus. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Item Infusion of fruit-vegetable waste biomass into bakery sludge to enhance nutrient availability and vermicompost maturity using Eisenia fetida(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-12-23T00:00:00) Gupta, Renuka; Mago, Monika; Garg, Vinod KumarVermicomposting of bakery sludge (BS) was studied when amended with fruit-vegetable waste (FV) and cow dung (CD) with different proportions in vermi-units (VU): VU1(CD100), VU2(CD75BS25), VU3(CD50BS25FV25), VU4(CD25BS25FV50), and VU5(CD25 BS50FV25). Results showed a reduction in pH and total organic carbon and an increase in electrical conductivity, ash content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium after vermicomposting. Carbon/nitrogen decrease followed: VU3 > VU1 > VU4 > VU2 > VU5, whereas a maximum reduction in carbon/phosphorus (60.7%) was observed in VU3 and a minimum (44.8%) in VU5. Seed germination assay of Cicer arietinum was 71�138% with maximum in VU3. Respiration rates of 69�115 mgCO2 kg?1VC48h?1 were achieved signifying stability and non-toxic impact. The presence of FV waste in vermi-units enhanced earthworm population, biomass, growth rate, and cocoons. VU3 exhibited higher macro- and micronutrients as well as worm growth and fecundity over other vermi-units. Based on results, FV waste and CD amendment at 25% and 50%, respectively, are suggested as appropriate to produce enriched vermicompost from BS using Eisenia fetida. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.