School Of Environment And Earth Sciences
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/83
Browse
6 results
Search Results
Item Chlorpyrifos degrading potential of a Bacterial isolate from Thermal Power Plant Soil(World Research Association, 2023-01-27T00:00:00) Dubey, Sheetal; Dhanya, M.S.The pesticides had a significant role in crop protection and in agricultural production. The organophosphate pesticides are used against many crop pests. But the injudicious application results in residues of organophosphate pesticides in soil routed to food chain by different means and affect the human health. There is a great need for remediation of the toxic residues from the environment. The microbial bioremediation is a safe and eco-friendly technique for pesticide removal. The present study focused on the degradation ability of a bacterium previously isolated from the soil contaminated with fly ash from coal based thermal power plant. The 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the bacterium as Lysinibacillus fusiformis. The chlorpyrifos utilization capability of the isolated bacterium was studied in mineral salt medium supplemented with 50 mg L-1 chlorpyrifos as sole carbon source at 30oC and 120 rpm for 15 days. The bacterium was able to grow in the medium with the production of alkaline phosphatase and reduction in pH of the growth media. The bacterium degraded 16.54 percent of chlorpyrifos in 15 days. The chlorpyrifos utilization for bacterial biomass production confirmed the in situ biodegradation ability of the bacterium. � 2023 World Research Association. All rights reserved.Item Evaluation of Biodegradation Efficiency of Xylene Pretreated Polyethylene Wastes by Isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis(Technoscience Publications, 2022-09-04T00:00:00) Kalia, Arun; Dhanya, M.S.The ability of the bacterial degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste by Lysinibacillus fusiformis isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was investigated in the present study. The potential of the bacterial isolate to utilize LDPE waste bags of two different thicknesses in a month as a sole carbon source in mineral salt media was assessed. Further, the effect of pretreatment by xylene on the bacterial degradation of LDPE waste bags (0.5 percent w/v) in 30 days was investigated. The isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis was able to degrade 9.51 percent of LDPE with 30 ?m thickness but able to degrade only 1.45 percent of LDPE having 50 ?m thickness. The bacterial biomass was 1.77 times higher on LDPE- 30 ?m containing media in comparison to LDPE- 50 ?m. The xylene pretreatment of LDPE wastes enhanced the biodegradation efficiency of isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis to 12.09 and 1.97 percent respectively in 30 ?m and 50 ?m thick LDPE bags. The xylene pre-treatment improved the bacterial growth on media with LDPE of both thicknesses. The adherence of bacterium on the surface of LDPE was found more on 50 ?m thick xylene treated LDPE compared to its untreated LDPE than 30 ?m thick LDPE films. The xylene pre-treatment of polyethylene waste had an additive effect on the biodegradation of waste LDPE films with a significant effect on thickness. � 2022 Technoscience Publications. All rights reserved.Item Toxicity and detoxification of monocrotophos from ecosystem using different approaches: A review(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-02-23T00:00:00) Singh, Simranjeet; Kumar, Vijay; Kanwar, Ramesh; Wani, Abdul Basit; Gill, Jatinder Pal Kaur; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Singh, Joginder; Ramamurthy, Praveen C.Monocrotophos (MCP) is an organophosphate insecticide with broad application in agricultural crops like rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, soybeans, groundnut and vegetables. MCP solubilize in water readily and thus reduced sorption occurs in soil. This leads to MCP leaching into the groundwater and pose a significant threat of contamination. The MCP's half-life depends on the temperature and pH value and estimated as 17�96 d. But the half-life of technical grade MCP can exceed up to 2500 days if properly stored at 38 �C in a glass or polyethylene container in a stable condition. It causes abnormality, ranging from mild to severe confusion, agitation, hypersalivation, convulsion, pulmonary failure, senescence in mammals and insects. MCP affects humans by inhibiting the activity of the acetylcholine esterase enzyme. MCP is accountable for the catalytic degradation of acetylcholine and affects the neurotransmission between neurons. This review discusses MCP's various aspects and fate on aquatic and terrestrial life forms, quantification methods for monitoring, various degradation processes, and their mechanisms. Different case studies related to its impact on the human population in different parts of the world have been discussed. Efforts have also been made to summarize and present different microbial population's role in its degradation and mineralization. � 2021 Elsevier LtdItem Prospecting Ammoniphilus sp. JF isolated from agricultural fields for butachlor degradation(Springer Verlag, 2018) Singh, J.; Kadapakkam Nandabalan, Y.Butachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide used worldwide for controlling weeds in plants of rice, corn, soybean and other crops. In this study, indigenous bacterial species Ammoniphilus sp. JF was isolated from the agricultural fields of Punjab and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. The bacteria utilized butachlor as the sole carbon source and showed complete degradation (100?mg/L) within 24?h of incubation. Two intermediate products, namely 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester and 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol were observed at the end of butachlor degradation. To the best of author?s knowledge, biodegradation of butachlor by indigenous Ammoniphilus sp. JF from the agricultural fields of Punjab has not been reported so far. ? 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item ADVANCES IN MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS(Jerad Publications,, 2014) M.S., DhanyaChlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) an organophosphate pesticide is one of the most commonly used insecticide, acaricide and termiticide in agriculture, households and public health. The exposure of this moderately hazardous pesticide creates health concerns due to choline esterase inhibition, neurotoxicity, psychological and immunological effects. The microbial bioremediation of chlorpyrifos is a viable option for cleaning up the contaminated sites with its eco-friendliness, high efficiency and cost- effectiveness. Several researchers reported potential bacterial strains like Pseudomonas sp., Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Klebsiella sp., Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Sphingomonas sp., Flavobacterium sp. etc., fungal strains such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillus terreus, Verticillium sp., Trichoderma harzianum, etc. and cyanobacteria like Anabaena sp., Aulosira fertilissima, Phormidium valderianum for chlorpyrifos degradation. The microbes capable of producing biosurfactants increase biodegradation efficiency of chlorpyrifos by improving bioavailability of the xenobiotic compound by developing critical micellar concentration. The complete detoxification of the pesticide occurs with those microbes that also degrade its metabolites and avoid its accumulation in the environment. The cloning of mpd gene from chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial strains to Escherichia coli helps in developing its biodegradation capability. This paper focuses on the advancements in chlorpyrifos biodegradation for the efficient onsite remediation of the contaminated environment.Item Effect of chemo-mechanical disintegration on sludge anaerobic digestion for enhanced biogas production(Springer Verlag, 2016) Kavitha, S.; Saji Pray, S.; Yogalakshmi, K.N.; Adish Kumar, S.; Yeom, I.-T.; Rajesh banu, J.The effect of combined surfactant-dispersion pretreatment on dairy waste activated sludge (WAS) reduction in anaerobic digesters was investigated. The experiments were performed with surfactant, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the range of 0.01 to 0.1?g/g suspended solids (SS) and disperser with rpm of 5000?25,000. The COD (chemical oxygen demand) solubilization, suspended solids reduction, and biogas generation increased for an energy input of 7377?kJ/kg total solids (TS) (12,000?rpm, 0.04?g/g SS, and 30?min) and were found to be 38, 32, and 75?%, higher than that of control. The pretreated sludge improved the performance of semicontinuous anaerobic digesters of 4?L working volume operated at four different SRTs (sludge retention time). SRT of 15?days was found to be appropriate showing 49 and 51?% reduction in SS and volatile solids (VS), respectively. The methane yield of the pretreated sample was observed to be 50?mL/g VS removed which was observed to be comparatively higher than the control (12?mL/g VS removed) at optimal SRT of 15?days. To the best of the authors? knowledge, this study is the first to be reported and not yet been documented in literature. ? 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.