School Of Environment And Earth Sciences

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Biomass

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    Biofiltration in wastewater treatment plants: An overview
    (Elsevier, 2022-01-15T00:00:00) Yogalakshmi, K.N.; Sharma, Avimanu; Mittal, Sunil
    Biofilters or biological filters are a technology that uses attached biomass on a media to degrade and remove pollutants from the air, water, and wastewater treatment plants. They are natural systems which are engineered and simulated to remove a varied range of contaminants, that is, organic matter, suspended solids, natural organic matter, and organic micropollutants. Biofiltration systems are popular among wastewater treatment process due to its simple operation, robust nature, and low energy requirement. Trickling filters, aerated biological filters, and membrane bioreactors are some of the popular biofiltration systems used for wastewater treatment. The efficiency of the biofiltration systems depends on the nature, composition, and community structure of microorganisms in the biofilm developed on the medium. Immobilized biofilters are also popular in wastewater treatment. This chapter would provide an overview on the concept of biofiltration, the mechanism involved, types, and application of biofiltration process. The chapter will also throw light on the microbial ecology and community structure of the biological filters. Further, the different methods of identification of the microbial community will also be discussed in the chapter. � 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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    Management of food and vegetable processing waste spiked with buffalo waste using earthworms (Eisenia fetida)
    (Springer Verlag, 2017) Sharma, K.; Garg, V.K.
    The present investigation was focused on the vermicomposting of food and vegetable processing waste (VW) mixed with buffalo dung (BW) under laboratory condition employing Eisenia fetida earthworm species. Four different proportions of VW and BW were prepared and subjected to vermicomposting after 3?weeks of pre-composting. After vermicomposting, nitrogen (7.82?20.73?g/kg), total available phosphate (4.80?11.74?g/kg) and total potassium (7.43?12.75?g/kg) content increased significantly as compared to initial feed stocks. Significant reduction was observed in pH (7.56 to 6.55), total organic carbon (48.25?23.54%) and organic matter (83.18?40.68%). Metal content (Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni) was higher in all the vermicomposts than feedstocks. Data on growth and reproduction of earthworm revealed that the highest biomass gain and fecundity of worms were attained in 100% BW followed by [BW75%?+?VW25%]?>?[BW50%?+?VW50%]?>?[BW25%?+?VW75%] feedstocks. Results evidenced the suitability of VW (up to 50%) spiked with BW for increasing earthworm population and in providing potent organic manure for agricultural applications. ? 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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    Characterization, activity and process optimization with a biomass-based thermal power plant's fly ash as a potential catalyst for biodiesel production
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Kumar, P.; Aslam, M.; Singh, N.; Mittal, S.; Bansal, A.; Jha, M.K.; Sarma, A.K.
    A typical thermal power plant operated using a solid biomass mixture as fuel, which comprised 70-80% gram straw, 10-15% cotton straw, 5-10% wheat straw and leaves (2%) with a small quantity of coal (1-2%) initially used for smooth ignition, produces a residue called Biomass-Based Thermal Power Plant Fly Ash (BBTPFS). BBTPFS was investigated for composition and structural characterization using different techniques. The versatile composition of the BBTPFS was confirmed by XRF analysis that indicated the weight percent of different components viz. CaO (30.74%), SiO2 (27.87%), K2O (13.96%), MgO (6.67%), SO3 (4.83%), Cl (3.36%), Al2O3 (2.83%), Fe2O3 (2.36%), P2O5 (1.34%), Na2O (1.14%), small quantities of TiO2, SrO, MnO, BaO, ZrO2, ZnO, Rb2O, Br, Cr2O3, CuO, NiO and As2O3 as active ingredients. The SEM and TEM image analysis showed the surface morphology of the BBTPFS which was found to be mixed in nature, having 1 to 500 nm range particles with meso, micro and macro porosity. BBTPFS was used as a catalyst for transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil having a high percentage of free fatty acids and appropriate process optimization was achieved using the Taguchi-ANOVA method. It was observed that at a temperature of 225?C and an internal vapour pressure of 3.2 MPa in a batch reactor with 5% catalyst loading, 1:9 mol mol-1 of oil-alcohol and 3 h reaction time, the optimum yield of biodiesel obtained was ?93.9%, which is in agreement with the theoretical value. The product quality was assessed and found to conform to ASTM and EN-standards. ? The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.