School Of Environment And Earth Sciences
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Item Chitin and chitosan-based support materials for enzyme immobilization and biotechnological applications(Springer, 2020) Verma, M.L; Kumar, S; Das, A; Randhawa, J.S; Chamundeeswari, M.Enzymes of industrial importance are primarily employed for biotechnological applications. However, high-cost and instability issues of purified enzymes hamper their usage. Multiple reuses rather than the single use is more�cost-effective. A�robuster bioprocess is feasible by enzyme immobilization. Performance of immobilized enzymes depends on the nature of support materials. Chitin and its derivatives-based supports offer stability and cost-effective bioprocessing. Chitosan is�biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and has�multiple functional groups. A variety of supports such as chitosan, chitosan film, chitosan nanoparticle and chitosan nanocomposite are employed for enzyme immobilization. Chitosan bound enzymes, as compared to free enzymes, have improved the�biocatalytic performances due to exceptionally high operational stability and reusability. Here we review enzymes immobilized on chitin/chitosan supporting materials with�applications ranging from agriculture to drug delivery. � 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Chitin and chitosan-based support materials for enzyme immobilization and biotechnological applications(Springer Verlag, 2019) Verma M.L.; Kumar S.; Das A.; Randhawa J.S.; Chamundeeswari M.Enzymes of industrial importance are primarily employed for biotechnological applications. However, high-cost and instability issues of purified enzymes hamper their usage. Multiple reuses rather than the single use is more cost-effective. A robuster bioprocess is feasible by enzyme immobilization. Performance of immobilized enzymes depends on the nature of support materials. Chitin and its derivatives-based supports offer stability and cost-effective bioprocessing. Chitosan is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and has multiple functional groups. A variety of supports such as chitosan, chitosan film, chitosan nanoparticle and chitosan nanocomposite are employed for enzyme immobilization. Chitosan bound enzymes, as compared to free enzymes, have improved the biocatalytic performances due to exceptionally high operational stability and reusability. Here we review enzymes immobilized on chitin/chitosan supporting materials with applications ranging from agriculture to drug delivery.Item Laccase immobilized magnetic iron nanoparticles: Fabrication and its performance evaluation in chlorpyrifos degradation(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Das, A.; Singh, J.; Yogalakshmi, K.N.Chlorpyrifos degradation was studied using laccase immobilized on magnetic iron nanoparticles (CENPs). The magnetic iron nanoparticles (MNPs) prepared by co-precipitation method were characterized using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy- Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The size of the nanoparticles ranged between 10 and 15 nm. The MNPs were coated with chitosan, surface modified with carbodiimide (EDAC) immobilized with laccase enzymes. The chlorpyrifos degradation studies were performed in batch studies under constant shaking for a period of 12 h. Results of the study showed that laccase immobilized on magnetic iron nanoparticles were effective in degrading more than 99% chlorpyrifos in 12 h at pH 7 and 60 ?C. In the overall degradation percentage, MNPs contributed to 32.3% of chlorpyrifos removal while ENPs resulted in 58.8% chlorpyrifos degradation. Immobilization of enzyme decreased the overall activity of the free enzyme. The CENPs showed 95% activity after five repeated washing and hence possess good reusability potential. ? 2017 Elsevier Ltd