School Of Environment And Earth Sciences

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    Assessment of Ground Water Quality of Lucknow City under GIS Framework Using Water Quality Index (WQI)
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-08-28T00:00:00) Saqib, Nazmu; Rai, Praveen Kumar; Kanga, Shruti; Kumar, Deepak; ?urin, Bojan; Singh, Suraj Kumar
    Continuous groundwater quality monitoring is crucial for ensuring safe drinking and irrigation by mitigating risks from geochemical contaminants through appropriate treatment methods. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess the suitability of groundwater collected from Lucknow, India, for both drinking and irrigation. Forty samples were collected from different sites within the study area to evaluate groundwater quality. Various parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chlorides ((Formula presented.)), total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphate ((Formula presented.)), nitrate ((Formula presented.)), fluorides ((Formula presented.)), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), magnesium ((Formula presented.)), and calcium ((Formula presented.)) were analyzed. The weighted arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI), a vital rating system representing overall water quality, was employed to classify the water into different categories, such as very good, good, moderate, poor, and unfit for drinking. This classification is invaluable for public awareness and decision-making to make informed decisions regarding effective management, treatment, and sustainable societal development on a broader scale. A correlation matrix was generated and analyzed to observe correlations between the various parameters. Additionally, spatial distribution maps for the analyzed parameters and WQI were prepared using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method. The study found that WQI values in the area ranged from 2.64 to 168.68, indicating good water quality in most places except for the Kukrail region, where the water quality is unfit for drinking purposes. The water quality map shows that 86% of the area falls under the very good category, 14.63% under good to moderate quality, and 0.37% is categorized as unfit for drinking. Consequently, the findings suggest that the groundwater in the studied area is safe and suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. � 2023 by the authors.
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    Ground/drinking water contaminants and cancer incidence: A case study of rural areas of South West Punjab, India
    (Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., 2019-12-26T00:00:00) Kaur, Gursharan; Kumar, Ravishankar; Mittal, Sunil; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Vaid, Upma
    This study was carried out in the rural areas of South West Punjab, India, to evaluate the groundwater quality and cancer incidence. The epidemiological study was carried using standardized questionnaire method, and the groundwater samples were analyzed for heavy metals by ICP-MS and AAS. The results showed that the cancer prevalence was highest in the age group of > 60, followed by >45�60 years old in both males and females. The average cancer rate in females (272 cases/lakh) was ?3 times higher than the India�s national cancer average of 80 cases/lakh. The mean concentration of As (27.59 �g/L), Pb (48.3 �g/L), U (96.56 �g/L), NO3� (67.32 mg/L), and F� (4.7 mg/L) exceeded the drinking water limits of WHO/BIS. Health risk analysis indicated that As, Pb, U, and F� with NO3� are the major groundwater contaminants, which may be one of the potential cause of cancer incidences. Multivariate analyses reveal that anthropogenic activities are source of NO3�, whereas U, As, and F� are mainly of geogenic origin. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed in the order of As > Pb and U > F�>NO3�>Cu > Zn, respectively. Further, correlations between cancer incidence and groundwater quality have been discussed. � 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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    Ground/drinking water contaminants and cancer incidence: A case study of rural areas of South West Punjab, India
    (Taylor and Francis Inc., 2019) Kaur G.; Kumar R.; Mittal S.; Sahoo P.K.; Vaid U.
    This study was carried out in the rural areas of South West Punjab, India, to evaluate the groundwater quality and cancer incidence. The epidemiological study was carried using standardized questionnaire method, and the groundwater samples were analyzed for heavy metals by ICP-MS and AAS. The results showed that the cancer prevalence was highest in the age group of > 60, followed by >45–60 years old in both males and females. The average cancer rate in females (272 cases/lakh) was ?3 times higher than the India's national cancer average of 80 cases/lakh. The mean concentration of As(27.59 µg/L), Pb (48.3 µg/L), U (96.56 µg/L), NO3– (67.32 mg/L), and F– (4.7 mg/L) exceeded the drinking water limits of WHO/BIS. Health risk analysis indicated that As, Pb, U, and F– with NO3– are the major groundwater contaminants, which may be one of the potential cause of cancer incidences. Multivariate analyses reveal that anthropogenic activities are source of NO3–, whereas U, As, and F– are mainly of geogenic origin. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed in the order of As > Pb and U > F–>NO3–>Cu > Zn, respectively. Further, correlations between cancer incidence and groundwater quality have been discussed.