School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Bux, Faizal

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    Microbe-Assisted Bioremediation of Pesticides from Contaminated Habitats: Current Status and Prospects
    (CRC Press, 2023-10-19T00:00:00) Reddy, Karen; Jose, Shisy; Fayaz, Tufail; Renuka, Nirmal; Ratha, Sachitra Kumar; Kumari, Sheena; Bux, Faizal
    Pesticide use is expanding worldwide due to a continuous increase in agricultural intensification in order to meet the global food demand. The extensive use of pesticides and their persistence in the aquatic and terrestrial environments may pose a detrimental impact on the ecosystem. The fate of pesticides in the ecosystem is determined by their structure, physicochemical properties and inherent biodegradability. In the recent decade, the presence of pesticides and their residues have been reported in the soil, surface water, groundwater and wastewater. Different methods and technologies have been reported to remediate the pesticide-contaminated environment, which include physical, chemical, biological/microbial and enzymatic processes. Among these, microbial remediation is found to be an inexpensive, environmentally friendly and thermodynamically more affordable technology that can be applied to any material soiled by a pesticide. The major groups of microorganisms, viz., bacteria, fungi and algae, have been successfully used to remediate different types of pesticides by various mechanisms of removal and transformation. These microorganisms can either accumulate and/or metabolize the pesticides and transform them into products that are less toxic or non-toxic as compared to the parent compounds. Nevertheless, more scientific investigations into the technical aspects of microbial bioremediation systems are needed, as they persist for many years in nature and travel to various food chains. This chapter focuses on the current status of pesticide pollution and the role of microbe-assisted remediation of pesticides. Different aspects of microbe-mediated remediation of pesticides such as types, mechanisms and future perspectives have been discussed. � 2024 Anju Malik and Vinod Kumar Garg.
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    Assessing the potential for nevirapine removal and its ecotoxicological effects on Coelastrella tenuitheca and Tetradesmus obliquus in aqueous environment
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022-11-29T00:00:00) Reddy, Karen; Renuka, Nirmal; Kumari, Sheena; Ratha, Sachitra Kumar; Moodley, Brenda; Pillay, Kriveshin; Bux, Faizal
    Remediation of the antiretroviral (ARV) drug, nevirapine (NVP) has attracted considerable scientific attention in recent years due to its frequent detection and persistence in aquatic environments and potential hazards to living organisms. Algae-based technologies have been emerging as an environmentally friendly option for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds, but their ARV drug removal potential has not been fully explored yet. This study aimed to explore the ecotoxicity and removal potential of NVP by two microalgal species, Coelastrella tenuitheca and Tetradesmus obliquus. Lower environmental concentrations (up to 200 ng L?1) of NVP enhanced the microalgal growth, and the highest dry cell weight of 941.27 mg L?1 was obtained in T. obliquus at 50 ng L?1 NVP concentration. Both microalgae showed varying removal efficiencies (19.53�74.56%) when exposed to NVP concentration levels of up to 4000 ng L?1. At the late log phase (day 8), T. obliquus removed the highest percentage of NVP (74.56%), while C. tenuitheca removed 48% at an initial NVP concentration of 50 ng L?1. Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm and rETR) of the two microalgal species, however, was not affected by environmental concentrations of NVP (up to 4000 ng L?1) at the mid log phase of growth. SEM analysis demonstrated that both algal species produced distinct ridges on their cell surfaces after NVP uptake. In the ecotoxicity study, the calculated IC50 values of NVP (0�100 mg L?1) after 96 h of exposure were 23.45 mg L?1 (C. tenuitheca) and 18.20 mg L?1 (T. obliquus). The findings of the present study may contribute to a better understanding of the environmental hazards associated with NVP and the efficacy of microalgae in removing this pharmaceutical from aquatic environments. � 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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    Microbe-Assisted Bioremediation of Pesticides from Contaminated Habitats: Current Status and Prospects
    (CRC Press, 2023-10-19T00:00:00) Reddy, Karen; Jose, Shisy; Fayaz, Tufail; Renuka, Nirmal; Ratha, Sachitra Kumar; Kumari, Sheena; Bux, Faizal
    Pesticide use is expanding worldwide due to a continuous increase in agricultural intensification in order to meet the global food demand. The extensive use of pesticides and their persistence in the aquatic and terrestrial environments may pose a detrimental impact on the ecosystem. The fate of pesticides in the ecosystem is determined by their structure, physicochemical properties and inherent biodegradability. In the recent decade, the presence of pesticides and their residues have been reported in the soil, surface water, groundwater and wastewater. Different methods and technologies have been reported to remediate the pesticide-contaminated environment, which include physical, chemical, biological/microbial and enzymatic processes. Among these, microbial remediation is found to be an inexpensive, environmentally friendly and thermodynamically more affordable technology that can be applied to any material soiled by a pesticide. The major groups of microorganisms, viz., bacteria, fungi and algae, have been successfully used to remediate different types of pesticides by various mechanisms of removal and transformation. These microorganisms can either accumulate and/or metabolize the pesticides and transform them into products that are less toxic or non-toxic as compared to the parent compounds. Nevertheless, more scientific investigations into the technical aspects of microbial bioremediation systems are needed, as they persist for many years in nature and travel to various food chains. This chapter focuses on the current status of pesticide pollution and the role of microbe-assisted remediation of pesticides. Different aspects of microbe-mediated remediation of pesticides such as types, mechanisms and future perspectives have been discussed. � 2024 Anju Malik and Vinod Kumar Garg.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessing the potential for nevirapine removal and its ecotoxicological effects on Coelastrella tenuitheca and Tetradesmus obliquus in aqueous environment
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022-11-29T00:00:00) Reddy, Karen; Renuka, Nirmal; Kumari, Sheena; Ratha, Sachitra Kumar; Moodley, Brenda; Pillay, Kriveshin; Bux, Faizal
    Remediation of the antiretroviral (ARV) drug, nevirapine (NVP) has attracted considerable scientific attention in recent years due to its frequent detection and persistence in aquatic environments and potential hazards to living organisms. Algae-based technologies have been emerging as an environmentally friendly option for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds, but their ARV drug removal potential has not been fully explored yet. This study aimed to explore the ecotoxicity and removal potential of NVP by two microalgal species, Coelastrella tenuitheca and Tetradesmus obliquus. Lower environmental concentrations (up to 200 ng L?1) of NVP enhanced the microalgal growth, and the highest dry cell weight of 941.27 mg L?1 was obtained in T. obliquus at 50 ng L?1 NVP concentration. Both microalgae showed varying removal efficiencies (19.53�74.56%) when exposed to NVP concentration levels of up to 4000 ng L?1. At the late log phase (day 8), T. obliquus removed the highest percentage of NVP (74.56%), while C. tenuitheca removed 48% at an initial NVP concentration of 50 ng L?1. Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm and rETR) of the two microalgal species, however, was not affected by environmental concentrations of NVP (up to 4000 ng L?1) at the mid log phase of growth. SEM analysis demonstrated that both algal species produced distinct ridges on their cell surfaces after NVP uptake. In the ecotoxicity study, the calculated IC50 values of NVP (0�100 mg L?1) after 96 h of exposure were 23.45 mg L?1 (C. tenuitheca) and 18.20 mg L?1 (T. obliquus). The findings of the present study may contribute to a better understanding of the environmental hazards associated with NVP and the efficacy of microalgae in removing this pharmaceutical from aquatic environments. � 2022 Elsevier Ltd