School Of Basic And Applied Sciences
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Item Alzheimer's disease: Molecular aspects and treatment opportunities using herbal drugs(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023-05-22T00:00:00) Thakral, Samridhi; Yadav, Alka; Singh, Vikramjeet; Kumar, Manoj; Kumar, Pradeep; Narang, Rakesh; Sudhakar, Kalvatala; Verma, Amita; Khalilullah, Habibullah; Jaremko, Mariusz; Emwas, Abdul-HamidAlzheimer's disease (AD), also called senile dementia, is the most common neurological disorder. Around 50 million people, mostly of advanced age, are suffering from dementia worldwide and this is expected to reach 100�130 million between 2040 and 2050. AD is characterized by impaired glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, which is associated with clinical and pathological symptoms. AD is characterized clinically by loss of cognition and memory impairment and pathologically by senile plaques formed by Amyloid ? deposits or neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) consisting of aggregated tau proteins. Amyloid ? deposits are responsible for glutamatergic dysfunction that develops NMDA dependent Ca2+ influx into postsynaptic neurons generating slow excitotoxicity process leading to oxidative stress and finally impaired cognition and neuronal loss. Amyloid decreases acetylcholine release, synthesis and neuronal transport. The decreased levels of neurotransmitter acetylcholine, neuronal loss, tau aggregation, amyloid ? plaques, increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, bio-metal dyshomeostasis, autophagy, cell cycle dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction are the factors responsible for the pathogenesis of AD. Acetylcholinesterase, NMDA, Glutamate, BACE1, 5HT6, and RAGE (Receptors for Advanced Glycation End products) are receptors targeted in treatment of AD. The FDA approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Donepezil, Galantamine and Rivastigmine and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist Memantine provide symptomatic relief. Different therapies such as amyloid ? therapies, tau-based therapies, neurotransmitter-based therapies, autophagy-based therapies, multi-target therapeutic strategies, and gene therapy modify the natural course of the disease. Herbal and food intake is also important as preventive strategy and recently focus has also been placed on herbal drugs for treatment. This review focuses on the molecular aspects, pathogenesis and recent studies that signifies the potential of medicinal plants and their extracts or chemical constituents for the treatment of degenerative symptoms related to AD. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.Item Melphalan: Recent insights on synthetic, analytical and medicinal aspects(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2022-05-27T00:00:00) Pahwa, Rakesh; Chhabra, Jatin; Kumar, Raj; Narang, RakeshCancer is an uncontrolled expansion of atypical cells in the body. These unusual cells are labelled as cancerous or malignant cells. Melphalan, an anticancer drug which is imperatively recognized under the class of alkylating agents. It exhibits broad spectrum antitumor activity, as observed in ovarian cancer, breast cancer, etc. However, it is mainly utilized in the management of multiple myeloma. Several studies across the globe suggest that resistance to melphalan is the major concern that leads to relapsed myeloma. In the present paper, several pivotal approaches to compensate resistance associated with melphalan have been discussed. Numerous chemical and formulation developments concerning melphalan to enhance its salient characteristics and targeted profile have also been portrayed. The rationale of the current article also summarizes the recent analytical methods, structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, interactions, potential adverse effects along with medicinal updates of melphalan. Special attention is also laid on their synthetic developments viz. melphalan derivatives, conjugates and prodrugs along with encouraging insights and research findings. � 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS