School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Singh, Reetu

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    Biotechnological attributes of biostimulants for relieving metal toxicity
    (Elsevier, 2023-08-04T00:00:00) Rana, Varnika; Kumar, Adarsh; Singh, Reetu; Kumar, Vinay
    A global scourge, heavy metals (HMs) toxicity with high concentration causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) to attack key biological molecules and has emerged in the past few years, posing a serious threat to human lives and ecosystems and agriculture. In plants, HMs alter the genome and genetic structure and eventually affect their protein and enzyme activities which further impede cellular metabolism. Therefore the growing body of scientific research is emphasizing green synthesis, that is, biostimulants use as the nexus of biotechnology and fertilizer that can be viewed as novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective tools to safeguard the detrimental effects on ecosystems. In this regard, this chapter aims to scrutinize the role of various biostimulants against abiotic stresses using various biostimulants including seaweed extracts, protein hydrolysates, humic acids, and fulvic acids. The microbial-based stimulants are also discussed in this chapter. A list of biological processes has also been highlighted as prime targets for removing heavy metal(loid)s toxicity using biotechnological interventions. The biostimulants enhance growth and improve stress tolerance ability in plants. A table of targeted biotechnological attributes is also provided. Recently, a steep rise in interest in biostimulants is driving the development of sustainable green economics and agricultural concepts, while increasing demand for new products and understanding their mechanism of action is increasing. Further, the increasing demand for innovative biostimulants products and an interest in understanding their mechanisms of action will drive HM-free green economics and agricultural sustainability in the coming days. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Transcriptome analysis of ovules offers early developmental clues after fertilization in Cicer arietinum L.
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-05-11T00:00:00) Singh, Reetu; Shankar, Rama; Yadav, Sudesh Kumar; Kumar, Vinay
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds are valued for their nutritional scores and limited information on the molecular mechanisms of chickpea fertilization and seed development is available. In the current work, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on two different stages of chickpea ovules (pre- and post-fertilization) to identify key regulatory transcripts. Two-staged transcriptome sequencing was generated and over 208 million reads were mapped to quantify transcript abundance during fertilization events. Mapping to the reference genome showed that the majority (92.88%) of high-quality Illumina reads were aligned to the chickpea genome. Reference-guided genome and transcriptome assembly yielded a total of 28,783 genes. Of these, 3399 genes were differentially expressed after the fertilization event. These involve upregulated genes including a protease-like secreted in CO(2) response (LOC101500970), amino acid permease 4-like (LOC101506539), and downregulated genes MYB-related protein 305-like (LOC101493897), receptor like protein 29 (LOC101491695). WGCNA analysis and pairwise comparison of datasets, successfully constructed four co-expression modules. Transcription factor families including bHLH, MYB, MYB-related, C2H2 zinc finger, ERF, WRKY and NAC transcription factor were also found to be activated after fertilization. Activation of these genes and transcription factors results in the accumulation of carbohydrates and proteins by enhancing their trafficking and biosynthesis. Total 17 differentially expressed genes, were randomly selected for qRT-PCR for validation of transcriptome analysis and showed statistically significant correlations with the transcriptome data. Our findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying changes in fertilized chickpea ovules. This work may come closer to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that initiate developmental events in chickpea seeds after fertilization. � 2023, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology.
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    Protein SUMOylation: Current updates and insights to elucidate potential roles of SUMO in plants
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023-04-14T00:00:00) Singh, Reetu; Mahajan, Monika; Das, Sheetal; Kumar, Vinay
    Post-translational modification is one of the main reasons behind various cellular signaling events. These modifications alter the target protein's function instantly and add additional complexity by modifying proteins at cellular or sub-cellular location. The ubiquitin-like modifier system is very much conserved in eukaryotic organisms. One of such modifiers, i.e., small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) is present in plants whose conjugation with the intracellular proteins plays a vital role in various processes. SUMOylation is one of the dynamic mechanisms employed by plants under normal condition as well as in response to various environmental stresses like heat, drought, cold, phosphate, and biotic stress. It has a key role in regulating plant growth and development and plant defense against pathogens. A large number of protein isoforms have been identified that help in SUMOylation and de-SUMOylation reactions and play vital roles in post-translation modifications. This review is aimed at shedding light on the SUMO conjugation machinery, its isoforms, and their putative roles in cellular growth, developmental processes, and different environmental stress conditions in plants. This work could also be used to understand the stress tolerance mechanism and further draft resistant mechanisms through manipulations of SUMOylation. � 2023 SAAB
  • No Thumbnail Available
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    Biotechnological attributes of biostimulants for relieving metal toxicity
    (Elsevier, 2023-08-04T00:00:00) Rana, Varnika; Kumar, Adarsh; Singh, Reetu; Kumar, Vinay
    A global scourge, heavy metals (HMs) toxicity with high concentration causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) to attack key biological molecules and has emerged in the past few years, posing a serious threat to human lives and ecosystems and agriculture. In plants, HMs alter the genome and genetic structure and eventually affect their protein and enzyme activities which further impede cellular metabolism. Therefore the growing body of scientific research is emphasizing green synthesis, that is, biostimulants use as the nexus of biotechnology and fertilizer that can be viewed as novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective tools to safeguard the detrimental effects on ecosystems. In this regard, this chapter aims to scrutinize the role of various biostimulants against abiotic stresses using various biostimulants including seaweed extracts, protein hydrolysates, humic acids, and fulvic acids. The microbial-based stimulants are also discussed in this chapter. A list of biological processes has also been highlighted as prime targets for removing heavy metal(loid)s toxicity using biotechnological interventions. The biostimulants enhance growth and improve stress tolerance ability in plants. A table of targeted biotechnological attributes is also provided. Recently, a steep rise in interest in biostimulants is driving the development of sustainable green economics and agricultural concepts, while increasing demand for new products and understanding their mechanism of action is increasing. Further, the increasing demand for innovative biostimulants products and an interest in understanding their mechanisms of action will drive HM-free green economics and agricultural sustainability in the coming days. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Transcriptome analysis of ovules offers early developmental clues after fertilization in Cicer arietinum L.
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-05-11T00:00:00) Singh, Reetu; Shankar, Rama; Yadav, Sudesh Kumar; Kumar, Vinay
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds are valued for their nutritional scores and limited information on the molecular mechanisms of chickpea fertilization and seed development is available. In the current work, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on two different stages of chickpea ovules (pre- and post-fertilization) to identify key regulatory transcripts. Two-staged transcriptome sequencing was generated and over 208 million reads were mapped to quantify transcript abundance during fertilization events. Mapping to the reference genome showed that the majority (92.88%) of high-quality Illumina reads were aligned to the chickpea genome. Reference-guided genome and transcriptome assembly yielded a total of 28,783 genes. Of these, 3399 genes were differentially expressed after the fertilization event. These involve upregulated genes including a protease-like secreted in CO(2) response (LOC101500970), amino acid permease 4-like (LOC101506539), and downregulated genes MYB-related protein 305-like (LOC101493897), receptor like protein 29 (LOC101491695). WGCNA analysis and pairwise comparison of datasets, successfully constructed four co-expression modules. Transcription factor families including bHLH, MYB, MYB-related, C2H2 zinc finger, ERF, WRKY and NAC transcription factor were also found to be activated after fertilization. Activation of these genes and transcription factors results in the accumulation of carbohydrates and proteins by enhancing their trafficking and biosynthesis. Total 17 differentially expressed genes, were randomly selected for qRT-PCR for validation of transcriptome analysis and showed statistically significant correlations with the transcriptome data. Our findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying changes in fertilized chickpea ovules. This work may come closer to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that initiate developmental events in chickpea seeds after fertilization. � 2023, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Protein SUMOylation: Current updates and insights to elucidate potential roles of SUMO in plants
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023-04-14T00:00:00) Singh, Reetu; Mahajan, Monika; Das, Sheetal; Kumar, Vinay
    Post-translational modification is one of the main reasons behind various cellular signaling events. These modifications alter the target protein's function instantly and add additional complexity by modifying proteins at cellular or sub-cellular location. The ubiquitin-like modifier system is very much conserved in eukaryotic organisms. One of such modifiers, i.e., small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) is present in plants whose conjugation with the intracellular proteins plays a vital role in various processes. SUMOylation is one of the dynamic mechanisms employed by plants under normal condition as well as in response to various environmental stresses like heat, drought, cold, phosphate, and biotic stress. It has a key role in regulating plant growth and development and plant defense against pathogens. A large number of protein isoforms have been identified that help in SUMOylation and de-SUMOylation reactions and play vital roles in post-translation modifications. This review is aimed at shedding light on the SUMO conjugation machinery, its isoforms, and their putative roles in cellular growth, developmental processes, and different environmental stress conditions in plants. This work could also be used to understand the stress tolerance mechanism and further draft resistant mechanisms through manipulations of SUMOylation. � 2023 SAAB