School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    Medicinal chemistry perspective of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023-03-03T00:00:00) Kumar, Adarsh; Bhagat, Kuber Kumar; Singh, Ankit Kumar; Singh, Harshwardhan; Angre, Tanuja; Verma, Amita; Khalilullah, Habibullah; Jaremko, Mariusz; Emwas, Abdul-Hamid; Kumar, Pradeep
    Cancer is a major cause of deaths across the globe due to chemoresistance and lack of selective chemotherapy. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine is an emerging scaffold in medicinal chemistry having a broad spectrum of activities, including antitumor, antibacterial, CNS depressive, anticonvulsant, and antipyretic activities. In this study, we have covered different cancer targets, including tyrosine kinase, extracellular regulated protein kinases - ABL kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, BCR-ABL, dihydrofolate reductase, cyclin-dependent kinase, phosphodiesterase, KRAS and fibroblast growth factor receptors, their signaling pathways, mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of the above-mentioned targets. This review will represent the complete medicinal and pharmacological profile of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents, and will help scientists to design new selective, effective and safe anticancer agents. � 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    Naphthylisoindolinone alkaloids: the first ring-contracted naphthylisoquinolines, from the tropical liana Ancistrocladus abbreviatus, with cytotoxic activity
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022-10-12T00:00:00) Fayez, Shaimaa; Bruhn, Torsten; Feineis, Doris; Assi, Laurent Ak�; Kushwaha, Prem Prakash; Kumar, Shashank; Bringmann, Gerhard
    The West African liana Ancistrocladus abbreviatus is a rich source of structurally most diverse naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. From its roots, a series of four novel representatives, named ancistrobrevolines A-D (14-17) have now been isolated, displaying an unprecedented heterocyclic ring system, where the usual isoquinoline entity is replaced by a ring-contracted isoindolinone part. Their constitutions were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configurations at the chiral axis and at the stereogenic center were assigned by using experimental and computational electronic circular dichroism (ECD) investigations and a ruthenium-mediated oxidative degradation, respectively. For the biosynthetic origin of the isoindolinones from �normal� naphthyltetrahydroisoquinolines, a hypothetic pathway is presented. It involves oxidative decarboxylation steps leading to a ring contraction by a benzilic acid rearrangement. Ancistrobrevolines A (14) and B (15) were found to display moderate cytotoxic effects (up to 72%) against MCF-7 breast and A549 lung cancer cells and to reduce the formation of spheroids (mammospheres) in the breast cancer cell line. � 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    Cellulose: A multifaceted biopolymer
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2016) Majeed, A.; Najar, R.A.; Ul Rehman, W.; Choudhary, S.; Thakur, S.; Singh, A.; Sharma, G.; Bhardwaj, P.
    Cellulose is a common natural polymer with a wide range of industrial, medical, bio fuel, agricultural, textile and paper applications. It exhibits various levels of structural organizations, from individual glucose chains through microfibrils, macrofibrils to cellulose fibers. The synthesizing machinery of cellulose consists of a six subunit plasmamembrane protein complex, cellulose synthase, organized into a rosette structure. Plant cellulose synthases possess additional plant specific motifs that are absent in bacteria. Among the different solvent systems developed for cellulose dissolution, ionic liquids stand at the forefront. Microorganism mediated energy release from cellulose facilitates its use in fuel cells as a source of energy. The nanocomposites of cellulose have revolutionized the medical field and are being chiefly used in tissue engineering, ligament engineering and wound healing. The chemical structure of cellulose make it suitable to form hydrogels which are used in tissue engineering, cartilage modelling, bone implantation, cell culture scaffolds, enhanced drug delivery, heavy metal absorbance, and in retaining soil water and efficient fertilizer release for agricultural efficiency. Besides, cellulose based ethanol production help to reduce the pressure on conventional sources of energy. This chapter focuses on cellulose structure, its synthesizing machinery, trafficking, genes and proteins involved, solubility and solvent systems, its derivatives, composites, hydrogels, fuel cells, ethanol production and degradation. ? 2016 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.