School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    Implications of cancer stem cells in diabetes and pancreatic cancer
    (Elsevier Inc., 2022-11-19T00:00:00) Mukherjee, Anirban Goutam; Wanjari, Uddesh Ramesh; Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala; Bradu, Pragya; Sukumar, Aarthi; Patil, Megha; Renu, Kaviyarasi; Dey, Abhijit; Vellingiri, Balachandar; George, Alex; Ganesan, Raja
    This review provides a detailed study of pancreatic cancer (PC) and the implication of different types of cancers concerning diabetes. The combination of anti-diabetic drugs with other anti-cancer drugs and phytochemicals can help prevent and treat this disease. PC cancer stem cells (CSCs) and how they migrate and develop into malignant tumors are discussed. A detailed explanation of the different mechanisms of diabetes development, which can enhance the pancreatic CSCs' proliferation by increasing the IGF factor levels, epigenetic modifications, DNA damage, and the influence of lifestyle factors like obesity, and inflammation, has been discussed. It also explains how cancer due to diabetes is associated with high mortality rates. One of the well-known diabetic drugs, metformin, can be combined with other anti-cancer drugs and prevent the development of PC and has been taken as one of the prime focus in this review. Overall, this paper provides insight into the relationship between diabetes and PC and the methods that can be employed to diagnose this disease at an earlier stage successfully. � 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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    Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Ppar?) in different disease states: Recent updates
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2020-07-17T00:00:00) Mal, Suvadeep; Dwivedi, Ashish Ranjan; Kumar, Vijay; Kumar, Naveen; Kumar, Bhupinder; Kumar, Vinod
    Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a ligand dependant transcription factor, is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPAR exists in three isoforms i.e. PPAR alpha (PPAR?), PPAR beta (PPAR?), and PPAR gamma (PPAR?). These are multi-functional transcription factors and help in regulating inflammation, type 2 diabetes, lipid concentration in the body, metastasis, and tumor growth or angiogenesis. Activation of PPAR? causes inhibition of growth of cultured human breast, gastric, lung, prostate, and other cancer cells. PPAR? is mainly involved in fatty acid storage, glucose metabolism, and homeo-stasis and adipogenesis regulation. A large number of natural and synthetic ligands bind to PPAR? and modulate its activity. Ligands such as thiazolidinedione troglitazone, rosiglita-zone, pioglitazone effectively bind to PPAR?; however, most of these were found to display severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity, weight gain, cardiovascular complications and bladder tumor. Now the focus is shifted towards the development of dual-acting or pan PPAR ligands. The current review article describes the functions and role of PPAR? in various disease states. In addition, recently reported PPAR? ligands and pan PPAR ligands were dis-cussed in detail. It is envisaged that the present review article may help in the development of potent PPAR ligands with no or minimal side effects. � 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.