School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    Environmental Friendly Technologies for Remediation of Toxic Heavy Metals: Pragmatic Approaches for Environmental Management
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022-05-06T00:00:00) Sharma, Ritika; Saini, Khem Chand; Rajput, Sneh; Kumar, Mohit; Mehariya, Sanjeet; Karthikeyan, Obulisamy Parthiba; Bast, Felix
    Contamination of different environmental matrices (air, soil, and water) by toxic heavy metals is a widespread problem that disturbs the environment as an outcome of many anthropocentric practices. Heavy metals exceeding the permissible limits exert deleterious impacts on human beings, causing life-threatening health manifestations and detrimental effects on the environment. This has alarmed the dire need to explore various modern remediation techniques that can be utilized to lower excessive concentrations. Owing to their high-cost effectiveness, unsatisfactory output, environmentally unfriendly, complicated procedure, and high operational costs, these technologies failed to find any practical utility in remediation. On the other hand, plants and associated microorganisms are receiving more consideration as a means of remediating or degrading environmental pollutants. This chapter provides us insights into the various environmental friendly techniques that will improve our environment�s quality. Among which, phytoremediation is considered an effective technique which is known for its esthetic benefits and endless applicability. Furthermore, metal-resistant bacteria (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) are also reported to play a pivotal role in the phytoremediation and solubilization of minerals. Thus, this chapter critically reviews the phytoremediation technology and the efficient exploitation of microbes to alleviate the environmental burden of toxic heavy metals. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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    Environmental Friendly Technologies for Remediation of Toxic Heavy Metals: Pragmatic Approaches for Environmental Management
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022-05-06T00:00:00) Sharma, Ritika; Saini, Khem Chand; Rajput, Sneh; Kumar, Mohit; Mehariya, Sanjeet; Karthikeyan, Obulisamy Parthiba; Bast, Felix
    Contamination of different environmental matrices (air, soil, and water) by toxic heavy metals is a widespread problem that disturbs the environment as an outcome of many anthropocentric practices. Heavy metals exceeding the permissible limits exert deleterious impacts on human beings, causing life-threatening health manifestations and detrimental effects on the environment. This has alarmed the dire need to explore various modern remediation techniques that can be utilized to lower excessive concentrations. Owing to their high-cost effectiveness, unsatisfactory output, environmentally unfriendly, complicated procedure, and high operational costs, these technologies failed to find any practical utility in remediation. On the other hand, plants and associated microorganisms are receiving more consideration as a means of remediating or degrading environmental pollutants. This chapter provides us insights into the various environmental friendly techniques that will improve our environment�s quality. Among which, phytoremediation is considered an effective technique which is known for its esthetic benefits and endless applicability. Furthermore, metal-resistant bacteria (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) are also reported to play a pivotal role in the phytoremediation and solubilization of minerals. Thus, this chapter critically reviews the phytoremediation technology and the efficient exploitation of microbes to alleviate the environmental burden of toxic heavy metals. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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    Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the reprogramming of gene networks under arsenic stress in Indian mustard
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2019) Thakur S.; Choudhary S.; Dubey P.; Bhardwaj P.
    Arsenic is a widespread toxic metalloid that is classified as a class I carcinogen known to cause adverse health effects in humans. In the present study, we investigated arsenic accumulation potential and comparative gene expression in Indian mustard. The amount of arsenic accumulated in shoots varied in the range of 15.99–1138.70 mg/kg on a dry weight basis among five cultivars. Comparative expression analysis revealed 10 870 significantly differentially expressed genes mostly belonging to response to stress, metabolic processes, signal transduction, transporter activity, and transcription regulator activity to be up-regulated, while most of the genes involved in photosynthesis, developmental processes, and cell growth were found to be down-regulated in arsenic-treated tissues. Further, pathway analysis using the KEGG Automated Annotation server (KAAS) revealed a large-scale reprogramming of genes involved in genetic and environmental information processing pathways. Top pathways with maximum KEGG orthology hits included carbon metabolism (2.5%), biosynthesis of amino acids (2.1%), plant hormone signal transduction (1.4%), and glutathione metabolism (0.6%). A transcriptomic investigation to understand the arsenic accumulation and detoxification in Indian mustard will not only help to improve its phytoremediation efficiency but also add to the control measures required to check bioaccumulation of arsenic in the food chain.
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    Comparative metabolic profiling of vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) and maize (Zea mays) under lead stress
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Pidatala, V.R.; Li, K.; Sarkar, D.; Wusirika, R.; Datta, R.
    Lead (Pb) contamination of residential soils in United States is attributed to use of Pb based paints prior to 1978 and their deterioration and accumulation in surface soils. Exposure to Pb due to ingestion and inhalation of Pb laden soil and dust causes neurological disorders, renal disorders, developmental and behavioral problems, particularly in children under the age of six. Vetiver grass is one of the leading choices for Pb remediation due to its ability to hyperaccumulate Pb, in addition to high biomass. In order to understand the effect of Pb on vetiver metabolic pathways, we compared the global metabolic changes in vetiver with that of maize, a Pb susceptible plant under Pb stress. Vetiver showed massive increase in levels of key metabolites in response to Pb, including amino acids, organic acids and coenzymes. Maize showed very modest increase in some of the same metabolites, and no change in others. The results provide the first indication of the difference in metabolic response of the hyperaccumulator, vetiver to lead stress as compared to maize. ? 2017 Elsevier Ltd