School Of Basic And Applied Sciences
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Item The imminent role of microRNAs in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma(Neoplasia Press, Inc., 2022-11-04T00:00:00) Kumar, Pawan; Kumawat, Ram Kumar; Uttam, Vivek; Behera, Alisha; Rani, Medha; Singh, Neha; Barwal, Tushar Singh; Sharma, Uttam; Jain, AklankUnfortunately, despite the severe problem associated with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), it has not been studied in detail yet. Therefore, the time has come to understand the oncogenic cause of SACC and find the correct molecular markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic target to tame this disease. Recently, we and others have suggested that non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, can be ideal biomarkers for cancer(s) diagnosis and progression. Herein, we have shown that various miRNAs, like miR-155, miR?103a?3p, miR-21, and miR-130a increase the oncogenesis process, whereas some miRNAs such as miR-140-5p, miR-150, miR-375, miR-181a, miR-98, miR-125a-5p, miR-582-5p, miR-144-3p, miR-320a, miR-187 and miR-101-3p, miR-143-3p inhibit the salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma progression. Furthermore, we have found that miRNAs also target many vital genes and pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinases-snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (MAPK-Snai2), p38/JNK/ERK, forkhead box C1 protein (FOXC1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGB3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/NF-?B, programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), neuroblastoma RAS (N-RAS), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, MEK/ERK, ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 (UBA2), tumor protein D52 (TPD52) which play a crucial role in the regulation of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Therefore, we believe that knowledge from this manuscript will help us find the pathogenesis process in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and could also give us better biomarkers of diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. � 2022Item Impact of noncoding RNAs on cancer directed immune therapies: Now then and forever(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-04-30T00:00:00) Roy, Roshan Kumar; Yadav, Rakhi; Sharma, Uttam; Wasson, Mishi Kaushal; Sharma, Ashok; Tanwar, Pranay; Jain, Aklank; Prakash, HridayeshAccumulating evidence demonstrates that the host genome's epigenetic modifications are essential for living organisms to adapt to extreme conditions. DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histone and interassociation of noncoding RNAs facilitate the cellular manifestation of epigenetic changes in the genome. Out of various factors involved in the epigenetic programming of the host, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA, snoRNA and piRNA are new generation noncoding molecules that influence a variety of cellular processes like immunity, cellular differentiation and tumor development. During tumor development, temporal changes in miRNA/lncRNA rheostat influence sterile inflammatory responses accompanied by the changes in the carcinogenic signaling in the host. At the cellular level, this is manifested by the upregulation of inflammasome and inflammatory pathways, which promotes cancer-related inflammation. Given this, we discuss the potential of lncRNAs, miRNAs, circular RNA, snoRNA and piRNA in regulating inflammation and tumor development in the host. � 2022 UICC.Item Macrophage Activation Syndrome and COVID 19: Impact of MAPK Driven Immune-Epigenetic Programming by SARS-Cov-2(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-10-01T00:00:00) Roy, Roshan Kumar; Sharma, Uttam; Wasson, Mishi Kaushal; Jain, Aklank; Hassan, Md. Imtaiyaz; Prakash, Hridayesh[No abstract available]Item Dysregulated miRNAs in Progression and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer�s Disease(Springer, 2022-07-22T00:00:00) Arora, Tania; Prashar, Vikash; Singh, Randeep; Barwal, Tushar Singh; Changotra, Harish; Sharma, Arti; Parkash, JyotiAlzheimer�s disease (AD) is a progressive degeneration of neurons due to the accumulation of amyloid-? peptide (A?) and hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein in the neuronal milieu leading to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Numerous factors contribute towards the progression of AD, including miRNA, which are 22�24 nucleotides long sequence which acts as critical regulators of cellular processes by binding to 3? UTR of mRNA, regulating its expression post-transcriptionally. This review aims to determine the miRNA with the most significant dysregulation in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human patients. A systemized inclusion/exclusion criterion has been utilized based on selected keywords followed by screening of those articles to conclude a list of 8 highly dysregulated miRNAs based on the fold change of AD vs control patients, which could be used in clinical testing as these miRNAs play central role in the pathophysiology of AD. Furthermore, a network study of highly dysregulated miRNA estimated the association of these miRNA in the mediation of A? generation and aggregation, inhibition of autophagy, reduction of A? clearance, microglial and astrocytic activation, neuro-inflammation, tau hyper-phosphorylation, and synaptic loss. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Drought priming modulates ABF, GRFs, related microRNAs and induce metabolic adjustment during heat stress in chickpea(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2023-09-09T00:00:00) Juneja, Sumandeep; Saini, Rashmi; Mukit, Abdul; Kumar, SanjeevDrought and high temperature stress may occur concomitantly or individually in succession causing cellular dysfunctions. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key stress regulator, and its responsive genes are controlled by ABRE (Abscisic acid Responsive Element)-binding factors (ABFs)and G-Box Regulatory factors (GRFs). Here, we identify ABFs, GRFs and targeting miRNAs in desi and kabuli chickpea. To validate their role after drought priming and subsequent high temperature stress, two contrasting chickpea varieties (PBG1 and PBG5) were primed and exposed to 32 �C, 35 �C and 38 �C for 12, 6 and 2 h respectively and analyzed for Physio-biochemical, expression of ABFs, GRFs and MiRNAs, and GC-MS based metabolite analysis. To ascertain the ABF-GRF protein-protein interactions, docking studies were carried out between the ABF3 and GRF14. Genome-wide analysis identified total 9 & 11 ABFs, and 11 GRFsin desi and kabuli respectively. Their gene structure, and motif composition were conserved in all subfamilies and only 10 and 12 genes have undergone duplication in both desi and kabuli chickpea respectively. These genes were differentially expressed in-silico. MiR172 and miR396 were identified to target ABFs and GRFs respectively. Protein-protein interaction (ABF3 and GRF14) might be successful only when the ABF3 was phosphorylated. Drought priming downregulated miR172 and miR396 and eventually upregulated targeting ABFs, and GRFs. Metabolite profiling (GC-MS) revealed the accumulation of 87 metabolites in Primed (P) and Non-Primed (NP) Chickpea plants. Tolerant cultivar (PBG5) responded better in all respects however both severity of stress and exposure are important factors and can produce broadly similar cellular response. � 2023 Elsevier Masson SASItem Drought priming evokes essential regulation of Hsp gene families, Hsfs and their related miRNAs and induces heat stress tolerance in chickpea(Elsevier B.V., 2023-07-26T00:00:00) Juneja, Sumandeep; Saini, Rashmi; Adhikary, Arindam; Yadav, Renu; Khan, Shahied Ahmed; Nayyar, Harsh; Kumar, SanjeevOptimum temperature is crucial for plant's survival. During high temperature stress, heat shock proteins (Hsps) are expressed many folds essentially controlled by explicit heat shock factors (Hsfs).We have narrowed key HSPs, related HSFs and miRNAs regulated after priming with drought stress and consequent heat stress in chickpea. Firstly, we identified Hsf and Hsp gene families in desi and kabuli chickpea using Genome-wide analysis. Thereafter, selected Hsfs, Hsps and related miRNAs were analyzed using qRT-PCR in contrasting chickpea varieties (PBG1 and PBG5) after drought priming and exposing at 32 �C 24 hrs, 35 �C 12 hrs, and 38 �C 6 hrs. An interaction network between Hsfs and Hsps was generated. 18 & 17 Hsfs and 42 & 34 Hsps were identified in the desi and kabuli, respectively. The gene structure and motif composition of the genes were found to be conserved in all subfamilies. A total of 32 heat shock genes were found to have undergone duplication. Most of the CaHsf and CaHsp genes were differentially expressed on exposure to a combination of drought priming and heat stress in both in-silico and qPCR analysis. Targeted miRNAs expression was coordinated with the respective genes. miR156, miR166, miR319, miR171, and miR5213 were identified to be targets of sHsps, Hsfs, and Hsps. The protein-protein interaction revealed that CaHsp18.2 and CaHsp70 might be controlled by CaHsfsA1. Drought priming strongly correlated with less membrane damage and better leaf water content. Higher harvest index and root shoot ratio significantly indicated effectiveness of priming and essential role of Hsf and Hsp and related miRNAs in heat stress tolerance. � 2023Item Drought priming modulates ABF, GRFs, related microRNAs and induce metabolic adjustment during heat stress in chickpea(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2023-09-09T00:00:00) Juneja, Sumandeep; Saini, Rashmi; Mukit, Abdul; Kumar, SanjeevDrought and high temperature stress may occur concomitantly or individually in succession causing cellular dysfunctions. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key stress regulator, and its responsive genes are controlled by ABRE (Abscisic acid Responsive Element)-binding factors (ABFs)and G-Box Regulatory factors (GRFs). Here, we identify ABFs, GRFs and targeting miRNAs in desi and kabuli chickpea. To validate their role after drought priming and subsequent high temperature stress, two contrasting chickpea varieties (PBG1 and PBG5) were primed and exposed to 32 �C, 35 �C and 38 �C for 12, 6 and 2 h respectively and analyzed for Physio-biochemical, expression of ABFs, GRFs and MiRNAs, and GC-MS based metabolite analysis. To ascertain the ABF-GRF protein-protein interactions, docking studies were carried out between the ABF3 and GRF14. Genome-wide analysis identified total 9 & 11 ABFs, and 11 GRFsin desi and kabuli respectively. Their gene structure, and motif composition were conserved in all subfamilies and only 10 and 12 genes have undergone duplication in both desi and kabuli chickpea respectively. These genes were differentially expressed in-silico. MiR172 and miR396 were identified to target ABFs and GRFs respectively. Protein-protein interaction (ABF3 and GRF14) might be successful only when the ABF3 was phosphorylated. Drought priming downregulated miR172 and miR396 and eventually upregulated targeting ABFs, and GRFs. Metabolite profiling (GC-MS) revealed the accumulation of 87 metabolites in Primed (P) and Non-Primed (NP) Chickpea plants. Tolerant cultivar (PBG5) responded better in all respects however both severity of stress and exposure are important factors and can produce broadly similar cellular response. � 2023 Elsevier Masson SASItem Drought priming evokes essential regulation of Hsp gene families, Hsfs and their related miRNAs and induces heat stress tolerance in chickpea(Elsevier B.V., 2023-07-26T00:00:00) Juneja, Sumandeep; Saini, Rashmi; Adhikary, Arindam; Yadav, Renu; Khan, Shahied Ahmed; Nayyar, Harsh; Kumar, SanjeevOptimum temperature is crucial for plant's survival. During high temperature stress, heat shock proteins (Hsps) are expressed many folds essentially controlled by explicit heat shock factors (Hsfs).We have narrowed key HSPs, related HSFs and miRNAs regulated after priming with drought stress and consequent heat stress in chickpea. Firstly, we identified Hsf and Hsp gene families in desi and kabuli chickpea using Genome-wide analysis. Thereafter, selected Hsfs, Hsps and related miRNAs were analyzed using qRT-PCR in contrasting chickpea varieties (PBG1 and PBG5) after drought priming and exposing at 32 �C 24 hrs, 35 �C 12 hrs, and 38 �C 6 hrs. An interaction network between Hsfs and Hsps was generated. 18 & 17 Hsfs and 42 & 34 Hsps were identified in the desi and kabuli, respectively. The gene structure and motif composition of the genes were found to be conserved in all subfamilies. A total of 32 heat shock genes were found to have undergone duplication. Most of the CaHsf and CaHsp genes were differentially expressed on exposure to a combination of drought priming and heat stress in both in-silico and qPCR analysis. Targeted miRNAs expression was coordinated with the respective genes. miR156, miR166, miR319, miR171, and miR5213 were identified to be targets of sHsps, Hsfs, and Hsps. The protein-protein interaction revealed that CaHsp18.2 and CaHsp70 might be controlled by CaHsfsA1. Drought priming strongly correlated with less membrane damage and better leaf water content. Higher harvest index and root shoot ratio significantly indicated effectiveness of priming and essential role of Hsf and Hsp and related miRNAs in heat stress tolerance. � 2023Item A review of chromium (Cr) epigenetic toxicity and health hazards(Elsevier B.V., 2023-04-17T00:00:00) Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Anand, Uttpal; Thiruvenkataswamy, Saranya; Babu, Harysh Winster Suresh; Narayanasamy, Arul; Prajapati, Vijay Kumar; Tiwari, Chandan Kumar; Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala; Bontempi, Elza; Sonne, Christian; Barcel�, Dami�; Vellingiri, BalachandarCarcinogenic metals affect a variety of cellular processes, causing oxidative stress and cancer. The widespread distribution of these metals caused by industrial, residential, agricultural, medical, and technical activities raises concern for adverse environmental and human health effects. Of these metals, chromium (Cr) and its derivatives, including Cr(VI)-induced, are of a public health concern as they cause DNA epigenetic alterations resulting in heritable changes in gene expression. Here, we review and discuss the role of Cr(VI) in epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, micro-RNA changes, biomarkers of exposure and toxicity, and highlight prevention and intervention strategies to protect susceptible populations from exposure and adverse occupational health effects. Cr(VI) is a ubiquitous toxin linked to cardiovascular, developmental, neurological, and endocrine diseases as well as immunologic disorders and a high number of cancer types in humans following inhalation and skin contact. Cr alters DNA methylation levels as well as global and gene-specific histone posttranslational modifications, emphasizing the importance of considering epigenetics as a possible mechanism underlying Cr(VI) toxicity and cell-transforming ability. Our review shows that determining the levels of Cr(VI) in occupational workers is a crucial first step in shielding health problems, including cancer and other disorders. More clinical and preventative measures are therefore needed to better understand the toxicity and safeguard employees against cancer. � 2023Item The Epigenetics of Noncoding RNA(Elsevier, 2022-09-16T00:00:00) Chhabra, RavindreshDNA, RNA, and the proteins are the major players in the flow of genetic information. Out of these, RNA is the most versatile biomolecule as it exists in multiple forms and each form carries out specified functions in the cell. RNA can be classified into coding and noncoding RNA (ncRNA). The noncoding RNA is further subdivided into long noncoding RNA (>200 nucleotides) and small noncoding RNA (<200 nucleotides). The coding RNA is the one which gets translated into proteins; whereas, the ncRNA is usually responsible for the regulation of gene expression. The ncRNA has been implicated in a number of pathological conditions including cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders and developmental defects. The interplay between ncRNAs and epigenetics often plays a significant role in the onset and progression of some of the aforementioned diseases. This chapter elaborates on the different ways in which epigenetic phenomenon is regulated by ncRNA and the effect of epigenetic modification on the expression of ncRNA. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.