School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    Green Silver Nanoparticles for Phytopathogen Control
    (Springer, 2019) Gautam, N; Salaria, N; Thakur, K; Kukreja, S; Yadav, Neha; Yadav, R; Goutam, U.
    Plant diseases bring radical problem in the agriculture sector. Phytopathogens mediate diseases that pose considerable loss of yield and quality deterioration which eventually bring down the crop yield and the rural economy. The present study is, thus, focused on developing the optimized protocol for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green chemistry approach and revealing their antimicrobial potential against phytopathogens. The synthesis of AgNPs was carried out by using aqueous plant extracts of three medicinal and aromatic plants, namely Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic) and Zingiber officinale (ginger). AgNPs were characterized by various analytical techniques including UV–visible spectra, PSA, FTIR, TEM and XRD analysis. The AgNPs were spherical with size ranging from 1 to 10 nm, crystalline in nature and relatively stable up to 3 months after synthesis. The AgNPs conferred strong antimicrobial activity against selective bacterial and fungal phytopathogens. The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was observed against Erwinia sp., Pseudomonas syringe, Bacillus megaterium, Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. culmorum. The effective concentration against bacterial pathogens was found to be between 50 µg/ml (garlic/Erwinia sp.) and 130 µg/ml (onion/B. megaterium). In the case of fungal pathogens, the range was 90 µg/ml (garlic/F. avenaceum) to 110 µg/ml (onion/F. graminearum) for an effective dose. © 2019, The National Academy of Sciences, India.
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    Antimicrobial and repellent activity of the essential oils of two lamiaceae cultivated in Western Himalaya
    (Bentham Science Publishers B.V., 2015) Stappen, Iris; Ali, Abbas; Tabanca, Nurhayat; Khan,Ikhlas A.; Wanner, J�rgen; Gochev, Velizar K.; Singh, Virendra; Lal, Brij; Jaitak, Vikas; Kaul, Vijay K.; Schmidt, Erich; Jirovetz, Leopold; Stappen, I.; Ali, A.; Tabanca, N.; Khan, I.A.; Wanner, J.; Gochev, V.K.; Singh, V.; Lal, B.; Jaitak, V.; Kaulh, V.K.; Schmidt, E.; Jirovetz, L.
    The essential oils of two Lamiaceae cultivated in Western Himalaya were examined on their antimicrobial, biting deterrent as well as larvicidal activity. Additionally their odors are described and their chemical compositions analyzed by GC-MS are given. The main component of Nepeta cataria oil was 4a?,7?,7a?-nepetalactone (85%), whereas camphor (27%) and 1,8-cineol (27%) were dominant in the oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. The studied essential oils demonstrated high to moderately antimicrobial activity against reference strains, clinical and food spoilage isolates of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella abony and Candida albicans (MIC 160-640 ?g/ml) and indicated low activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. fluorescens. Both oils showed biting deterrent activity above solvent control but lower than DEET. Nepeta catarica essential oil exhibited high toxicity with LD50 value of 20.2 whereas R. officinalis oil showed only 50% mortality at the highest tested dose of 125 ppm against 1-day old Aedes aegypti larvae at 24-hour post treatment. ? 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.