School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus Roseus Leaves and Their Therapeutic Response in Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells
    (Routledge, 2021-07-26T00:00:00) Bangroo, Apoorva; Malhotra, Akshay; Sharma, Uttam; Jain, Aklank; Kaur, Anupreet
    As the current study reports the utilization of the leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus (C.roseus) for the biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) because of the importance of the importance of health and environment. Bioinspired synthesis were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). XRD and TEM micrograph analysis revealed that the synthesized nanostructures were well-dispersed and spherical with the average particle size in the 18-30 nm range were produced. The FT-IR spectra confirmed presence of phenolic compounds that act as reducing and capping agents. Further, it suggested the possible utilization of hydroxyl groups and amides in the reduction of Zn ions and stablization of ZnO NPs. Zinc oxide nanomaterials are effective in cancer treatments, including the destruction of tumor cells with minimal damage to healthy cells. The toxicity of zinc oxide nanomaterials was checked in vitro in the human breast cancer line MDA-MB-231. Inverse relation of the percentage of viable cells to the concentration of zinc oxide nanomaterials at increasing molar levels was assessed. The cytotoxicity analysis used in the MTT test shows the substantial viable MDA-MB-231-cells despite the increased concentration of exposure to zinc oxide nanomaterials. Reduction in the ratio of viable MDA-MB-231 cells after being exposed to zinc oxide nanomaterials was compared to untreated cancerous cells. The present approach to biosynthesis is quick, inexpensive, eco-friendly, and high-rise stable nanomaterials of zinc oxide with substantial cancer potential. This is the first study that reports molar concentrations (with the lowest concentration of 10 mM) as an anticancer agent for breast cancer and potential clinical uses for synthesized zinc oxide nanomaterials. Thus, C. roseus based synthesized ZnO NPs could be explored not only as environmentally benign method but also as a potential anti-carcinogenic agent. � 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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    Polydopamine films change their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties with a change in reaction conditions
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018) Patel, Khushbu; Singh, Nimisha; Yadav, Jyoti; Nayak, Jyotsna M.; Sahoo, Suban K; Lata, Jeevan; Chand, Duni; Kumar, Shashank; Kumar, Rajender
    The morphology and physicochemical properties of polydopamine are not totally inherent and undergo changes with differing reaction conditions like the choice of solvent used for polymerization. The polymerisation of dopamine to polydopamine carried out in different solvents like sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, PBS and Tris leads to polydopamine with exceptionally different morphological and physicochemical features with each solvent. Additionally, the different physicochemical characteristics and morphologies bestow the polymer films with different extents of antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the findings supported by chemical evidence from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that higher antibacterial activities were obtained against E. coli and S. aureus with polydopamine films prepared by Tris and NaOH solvent induced polymerization. The antibacterial activity observed in saline was found to be higher than that in PBS medium for both E. coli and S. aureus. The higher antibacterial activity of polydopamine films prepared in Tris and NaOH solvents was attributed to the covalent incorporation of -OH groups on the surface provided by nucleophilic Tris and NaOH solvents during the polymerisation process. The distinct physicochemical and morphological changes were supported by the results from contact angle measurements, FE-SEM, EDAX, AFM, and XPS analysis. The present finding provides insight into the different chemistry, morphologies and properties of the designed polydopamine films with controlled antibacterial/antifouling properties. Additionally, new insights into the mechanism of formation, physicochemical changes in morphology and properties of polydopamine coatings were revealed. ? the Owner Societies.
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    Chemical composition and biological effects of artemisia maritima and artemisia nilagirica essential oils from wild plants of Western Himalaya
    (Georg Thieme Verlag, 2014) Stappen, Iris; Wanner, J, rgen; Tabanca, Nurhayat; Wedge, David E.; Ali, Abbas; Khan, Ikhlas A.; Kaul, Vijay K.; Lal, Brij; Jaitak, Vikas; Gochev, Velizar; Girova, Tania; Stoyanova, Albena; Schmidt, Erich; Jirovetz, Leopold; Stappen, I.; Wanner, J.; Tabanca, N.; Wedge, D.E.; Ali, A.; Khan, I.A.; Kaul, V.K.; Lal, B.; Jaitak, V.; Gochev, V.; Girova, T.; Stoyanova, A.; Schmidt, E.; Jirovetz, L.
    Artemisia species possess pharmacological properties that are used for medical purposes worldwide. In this paper, the essential oils from the aerial parts of Artemisia nilagirica and Artemisia maritima from the western Indian Himalaya region are described. The main compounds analyzed by simultaneous GC/MS and GC/FID were camphor and 1,8-cineole from A. maritima, and camphor and artemisia ketone from A. nilagirica. Additionally, the oils were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, mosquito biting deterrent, and larvicidal activities. A. nilagirica essential oil demonstrated nonselective antifungal activity against plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, whereas A. maritima did not show antifungal activity. Both Artemisia spp. exhibited considerable mosquito biting deterrence, whereas only A. nilagirica showed larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Antibacterial effects assessed by an agar dilution assay demonstrated greater activity of A. maritima essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to A. nilagirica.