School Of Basic And Applied Sciences

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    Implicative role of cytokines in neuroinflammation mediated AD and associated signaling pathways: Current progress in molecular signaling and therapeutics
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023-10-30T00:00:00) Kumari, Sneha; Dhapola, Rishika; Sharma, Prajjwal; Singh, Sunil K.; Reddy, Dibbanti HariKrishna
    Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most devastating age-related disorder causing significant social and economic burden worldwide. It affects the cognitive and social behavior of individuals and characterized by accumulation of A?, phosphorylated tau and cytokines formation. The synthesis and release of cytokines are regulated by specific groups of immune and non-immune cells in response to microglia or astrocyte activation through multiple pathways. Physiologically, microglia assert an anti-inflammatory, quiescent state with minimal cytokine expression and little phagocytic activity in motion to carry out their housekeeping role to eliminate pathogens, aggregated A? and tau protein. However, they develop a phagocytic nature and overexpress cytokine gene modules in response to certain stimuli in AD. Microglia and astrocytes upon chronic activation release an enormous amount of inflammatory cytokines due to interaction with formed A? and neurofibrillary tangle. Gut microbiota dysbiosis also stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines contributing to AD pathogenesis. In addition, the dysregulation of few signaling pathways significantly influences the development of disease, and the pace of advancement also rises with age. This review sheds light on multiple pathways results into neuroinflammation triggered by activated cytokines worsening AD pathology and making it an appropriate target for AD treatment. This review also included drugs targeting different neuroinflammation pathways under clinical and preclinical studies that are found to be effective in attenuating the disease pathology. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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    Nanoscale zerovalent copper (nZVC) catalyzed environmental remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants: A review
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022-08-08T00:00:00) Kumar, Sandeep; Kaur, Parminder; Brar, Ravinderdeep Singh; Babu, J Nagendra
    Over the past decade, the nano zerovalent copper has emerged as an effective nano-catalyst for the environment remediation processes due to its ease of synthesis, low cost, controllable particle size and high reactivity despite its release during the remediation process and related concentration dependent toxicities. However, the improvised techniques involving the use of supports or immobilizer for the synthesis of Cu0 has significantly increased its stability and motivated the researchers to explore the applicability of Cu0 for the environment remediation processes, which is evident from access to numerous reports on nano zerovalent copper mediated remediation of contaminants. Initially, this review allows the understanding of the various resources used to synthesize zerovalent copper nanomaterial and the structure of Cu0 nanoparticles, followed by focus on the reaction mechanism and the species involved in the contaminant remediation process. The studies comprehensively presented the application of nano zerovalent copper for remediation of organic/inorganic contaminants in combination with various oxidizing and reducing agents under oxic and anoxic conditions. Further, it was evaluated that the immobilizers or support combined with various irradiation sources originates a synergistic effect and have a significant effect on the stability and the redox properties of nZVC in the remediation process. Therefore, the review proposed that the future scope of research should include rigorous focus on deriving an exact mechanism for synergistic effect for the removal of contaminants by supported nZVC. � 2022 The Author(s)